A layer-wise MITC9 finite element for the free-vibration analysis of plates with piezo-patches

The present article considers the free-vibration analysis of plate structures with piezoelectric patches by means of a plate finite element with variable through-the-thickness layer-wise kinematic. The refined models used are derived from Carrera’s Unified Formulation (CUF) and they permit the vibration modes along the thickness to be accurately described. The finite-element method is employed and the plate element implemented has nine nodes, and the mixed interpolation of tensorial component (MITC) method is used to contrast the membrane and shear locking phenomenon. The related governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacement, extended to the analysis of electromechanical problems. An isotropic plate with piezoelectric patches is analyzed, with clamped-free boundary conditions and subjected to open- and short-circuit configurations. The results, obtained with different theories, are compared with the higher-order type solutions given in the literature. The conclusion is reached that the plate element based on the CUF is more suitable and efficient compared to the classical models in the study of multilayered structures embedding piezo-patches.     

Coiling/uncoiling behaviour of sodium polystyrenesulfonate in 2‐ethoxyethanol–water mixed solvent media as probed using viscometry

Precise measurements of the viscosities of solutions of sodium polystyrenesulfonate in water and in 2‐ethoxyethanol–water mixtures containing varying amounts of 2‐ethoxyethanol have been performed at 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15 K. The intramolecular contributions to the reduced viscosities of the polyelectrolyte solutions were obtained through isoionic dilution maintaining the total ionic strengths of the solutions at polyelectrolyte concentrations of 0.0033, 0.0054 and 0.0080 eq L^?1 with sodium chloride. The Huggins constants were also obtained from the experimental data. The influences of the medium and the temperature on the intramolecular contributions to the reduced viscosities as well as on the Huggins constants have been interpreted from the points of view of the conformational characteristics and polyelectrolyte–solvent and polyelectrolyte–polyelectrolyte interactions prevailing in the polyelectrolyte solutions under investigation. Polyion chains were found to coil upon addition of 2‐ethoxyethanol to water or upon an increase of temperature. Thermodynamic affinities for polyelectrolyte–solvent and polyelectrolyte–polyelectrolyte interactions were found to depend greatly on the medium. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

A facile synthesis of mixed soft‐segmented poly(urethane‐imide)–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxone hybrid nanocomposites and study of their structure–transport properties

The structure–transport properties of mixed soft‐segmented poly(urethane‐imide) (MSPUI) membranes and their microstructures were investigated. Polypropylene glycol, polycaprolactone diol and bis(3‐aminopropyl)‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane were used as the soft segments in the membrane synthesis via a three‐step polymerization reaction. The chemical structures of the MSPUI membranes were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphology and surface properties of the membranes were studied using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy techniques. Surface energy measurements indicated the enrichment of the hydrophobic soft segment in the membranes. The amorphous nature of the polymers was analysed using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The effect of morphology on the permeability and selectivity of the membranes is discussed. Finally, membrane structure–transport property relationships were correlated. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

大型拖拉机底盘机器人自动喷涂集成系统

介绍了大型拖拉机底盘涂装机器人自动喷涂工艺及设备配置和应用情况,以及调试和使用时应注意的问题。     

角质酶/表面活性剂体系对混合办公废纸的协同脱墨作用

角质酶能够水解可溶性酯、不溶性甘油三酯和各种聚酯,因此可以水解油墨中的连接料,有代替脂肪酶应用于废纸脱墨领域的潜能。利用角质酶和实验室复配得到的表面活性剂协同应用于混合办公废纸脱墨领域,探讨其脱墨效果和最优工艺,并与常用商业脂肪酶进行脱墨效果比较。结果表明,角质酶在酶用量10 U·g^-1,酶处理时间30 min,酶处理温度50℃,表面活性剂用量0.2%的条件下可以达到最优效果。与脂肪酶/表面活性剂以及单独用表面活性剂脱墨相比,角质酶脱墨后纸页的白度与油墨去除率更高,纸页的机械强度也较好。通过纸页性能的对比和扫描电镜（SEM）观察,角质酶的脱墨效果较脂肪酶更佳,角质酶/表面活性剂体系对混合办公废纸脱墨效果较好。     

用于混粉电火花加工的水力旋流器设计与仿真

根据混粉电火花加工对工作液的要求,使用水力旋流器作为分离混粉工作液中大颗粒杂质的设备,采用SolidWorks软件对旋流器进行结构设计,并利用COSMOS/FloWorks插件对旋流器液流流场及分离效果进行数学模拟,结果表明,设计的水力旋流器能使含有5 μm铝粉液流通过溢流口进入加工槽,并能使混入的直径为55 μm微细钢质颗粒和直径为45 μm的微细铜质颗粒进行分离,使大颗粒不能进入加工槽,设计的数学模型符合水力旋流器的应用需要,并能根据实际情况对旋流器进行优化设计,该数学模型可为混粉电火花加工装置一体化设计提供技术支持.     

The improvement of electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals with graft copolymer matrix synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and atom transfer radical polymerization

Aiming to decrease the memory effect of polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), a type of graft macroinitiator, synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and atom transfer radical polymerization, was employed to prepare PDLCs with graft copolymer matrix in our previous work. Compared with linear copolymer matrix PDLCs prepared using a linear macroinitiator, it was found that, although low‐memory‐effect PDLCs were obtained, the driving voltage and transmittance of the PDLCs were unfortunately sacrificed to some extent. Thus, it is necessary to improve the electro‐optical properties of PDLCs on the basis of the original research performed by us. In the work reported in this article, a kind of linear macroinitiator with high refractive index and another graft macroinitiator with flexible branched chains were employed to prepare PDLCs. The results showed that by using mixed macroinitiators, the electro‐optical properties of PDLCs could be improved, and a possible mechanism is proposed.     

基于键合图的平面凸轮机构动力学建模与仿真

针对含有凸轮机构的机电耦合系统动力学建模与仿真问题,提出了相应的键合图方法。基于凸轮机构的运动约束条件,阐述了建立平面凸轮机构键合图模型的一般方法,揭示了其所包含的动力学原理。在混合因果关系的情况下,结合现有的算法,实现了机电耦合凸轮机构系统一体化建模与仿真,通过实例说明文中方法的有效性。     

Ti-Cu复合中间层在钨/CLAM钢扩散连接中的性能

采用Ti-Cu复合中间层扩散连接钨与CLAM钢,在30 MPa、1h和800～950 ℃的条件下,成功获得了W/Ti-Cu/CLAM钢接头.接头界面连接良好,中间层区域发现有Ti2Cu或TiCu4等金属间化合物产生.TiC脆硬层使得中间层/钢界面处的硬度远高于钢母材,同时造成了接头处钢母材的失C并软化现象.随焊接温度的...