关于改进我国水资源区分类体系的探讨——基于水资源管理范围演进的视角

分析了人类开发利用和管理水资源的历史演进,总结得出人类开发利用水资源的范围经历了"点→干流线段→干流线→河系网→流域面→立体(地表水、地下水、雨水和空中水并用)"的历史演进,水资源管理活动对此也进行了响应。环境科学、特别是生态学的研究成果推动了流域和流域水资源管理的发展,催生了不同发展阶段的流域水资源管理模式。总结了流域理论的发展历程,介绍了流域水资源管理的6种基本模式,并指出一体化水资源管理及一体化流域管理已经成为目前治水的主流思维。基于我国需要实行流域管理和行政区域管理相结合、统一管理和分级管理相结合的管理体制这一主张,针对最严格水资源管理制度在实施中的困难,提出了构建动态的多尺度水资源区分类体系的框架性建议。     

博斯腾湖流域水资源管理决策支持系统设计与实现

为了提高博斯腾湖流域水资源管理水平,设计开发了针对该流域的水资源管理决策支持系统。系统基于Microsoft.NET平台,采用Visual Studio、SQL Server、ArcGIS工具集开发,在流域“地-云-空”一体化监测体系和系统架构的基础上,构建了地图要素管理、基本水文信息、流域生态流量等主要模块,实现了流域空间可视化查询、实时流量动态模拟、流域生态基流计算以及水资源管理配置等功能。结合博斯腾湖流域1956—2019年水文资料及目前数据获取情况,系统可为不同发展模式下水资源管理提供多方面参考信息和技术支撑,能有效提高水资源管理部门决策效率。     

Recent warming of Tonle Sap Lake,Cambodia: Implications for one of the world’s most productive inland fisheries

Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is arguably the world's most productive freshwater ecosystems, as well as the dominant source of animal protein for the country. The rapid rise of hydropower schemes, deforestation, land development and climate change impacts in the Mekong River Basin, however, now represent serious concerns in regard to Tonle Sap Lake's ecological health and its role in future food security. To this end, the present study identifies significant recent warming of lake temperature and discusses how each of these anthropogenic perturbations in Tonle Sap's floodplain and the Mekong River Basin may be influencing this trend. The lake's dry season monthly average temperature increased by 0.03°C/year between 1988 and 2018, being largely in synchrony with warming trends of the local air temperature and upstream rivers. The impacts of deforestation and agriculture development in the lake's floodplain also exhibited a high correlation with an increased number of warm days observed in the lake, particularly in its southeast region (agriculture R² = .61; deforestation R² = .39). A total of 79 dams, resulting in 72 km³ of volumetric water capacity, were constructed between 2003 and 2018 in the Mekong River Basin. This dam development coincided with a decreasing trend in the number of dry season warm days per year in the lower Mekong River, while Tonle Sap Lake's number of dry season warm days continued to increase during this same period. The present study revealed that Tonle Sap Lake's temperature trends are highly influenced by temperature trends in the local climate, agriculture development and deforestation of the lake's watershed. Although there were no noticeable impacts observed from upstream dam development in the Mekong River Basin, local‐to‐regional agricultural and land management of the lake's watershed appear to be effective strategies for maintaining a stable thermal regime in the lake in order to facilitate maximum ecosystem health.     

Biomic river restoration: A new focus for river management

River management based solely on physical science has proven to be unsustainable and unsuccessful, evidenced by the fact that the problems this approach intended to solve (e.g., flood hazards, water scarcity, and channel instability) have not been solved and long‐term deterioration in river environments has reduced the capacity of rivers to continue meeting the needs of society. In response, there has been a paradigm shift in management over the past few decades, towards river restoration. But the ecological, morphological, and societal benefits of river restoration have, on the whole, been disappointing. We believe that this stems from the fact that restoration overrelies on the same physical analyses and approaches, with flowing water still regarded as the universally predominant driver of channel form and structural intervention seen as essential to influencing fluvial processes. We argue that if river restoration is to reverse long‐standing declines in river functions, it is necessary to recognize the influence of biology on river forms and processes and re‐envisage what it means to restore a river. This entails shifting the focus of river restoration from designing and constructing stable channels that mimic natural forms to reconnecting streams within balanced and healthy biomes, and so levering the power of biology to influence river processes. We define this new approach as biomic river restoration.     

基于新的残差沙漏网络的人脸对齐

针对传统沙漏网络每一层使用单一感受野来提取特征,缺乏对关键点整体和局部关联信息描述的问题,提出了新的残差沙漏网络（NRHG）方法。该方法通过增加新的卷积分支来增加网络的感受野以更好地提取到不同尺度下的特征信息,同时新的感受野增加了网络对整体信息的描述。针对网络不同层相应调整新增卷积分支感受野大小来平衡feature map分辨率和感受野之间的关系,在更好地保留从局部到整体的结构化信息的同时,突出了网络对局部细节特征信息的描述。最后沙漏网络之间采用中间监督,对每一个沙漏网络输出的结果都进行loss计算,以避免网络深度造成梯度消失的问题。通过在300-W、IBUG、COFW数据集上大量的实验证明了该方法的有效性,并且实验结果优于传统的沙漏网络。     

电动汽车用锂离子电池热特性试验研究

为研究锂离子电池的热特性,以3 200 m A·h、3.67 V圆柱形三元材料锂电池为研究对象,进行了不同温度、不同充/放电倍率的热特性试验和低温加热试验.试验结果表明:随着充/放电电流的增大以及环境温度的降低,电池温度快速升高,低温下加热可以提高锂离子电池的充/放电性能.     

相控阵天线接收组件自动测试系统设计

深入分析了相控阵天线接收组件自动测试系统的工程需求,提出一种适用于大数据量测试与处理的自动测试系统实现方法。本方法在采用以太网搭建硬件测试平台的基础上,为了实现自动化和高速化测试,提出了全套系统基于MATLAB开发的软件实现方法。实验结果表明,该自动测试系统与人工测试及人工处理数据相比,在多种应用场景下均大大提高了接收组件的批量测试效率和数据处理速度,并已成功用于某型相控阵天线接收组件的批量测试及数据处理中。     

技术型基层单位指挥管理职务胜任力模型构建

技术型基层单位指挥管理干部通常由专业技术人才改任,研究其胜任力问题是提升武器装备保障力的需要。通过文献调研、行为事件访谈和调查问卷等方式总结提出了技术型单位基层指挥管理职务的胜任力模型,并采用因子分析法对模型进行了信度效度分析,修正完善其模型结构。     

城市轨道交通地下工程风险分析

随着城市轨道交通地下工程建设规模的逐渐扩大,工程风险问题已经越来越突出,而风险管理主要是事前预防,规避企业风险的决策管理方式。介绍了轨道交通地下工程风险管理的国内外研究现状、风险发生机理以及当前风险管理存在的主要问题;对风险控制方法进行了适用性分类;总结出轨道交通地下工程风险管理应循序渐进,不断创新,增强城市轨道交通安全风险管理体系。     

大数据推动下的旅游企业人才管理变革

从企业文化重塑、组织结构再造、领导风格转变三个方面,提出了旅游企业人才管理变革的对策。数据导向企业文化的建立是推行变革的基础,基于数据流程的组织结构再造是变革的核心,变革型领导风格的选择是变革的保障,三者相互配合才能达到变革的目标。