用弯曲模型推导二组元复合材料杨氏模量新公式

用弯曲模型推导了适用于悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测金属第二组元的杨氏模量的理论公式。通过实验数据计算。结果表明在两组元h2/h1≈1时与文献[2]的计算结果几乎接近，为用悬丝耦合弯曲共振法检测各种减振材料，陶瓷材料杨氏模量提供了理论公式；同时用改进后的弯曲模型推导出了适用于纤维复合材料横向杨氏模量的预测公式。     

斜板沉降器的设计

简要叙述了流离倾斜斜板的层膜上的单个液滴的基本聚结原理。着重介绍重力沉降器的设计方法，并指出在设计过程中可能出现的错误。     

Phase holdup and liquid dispersion in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds

Axial and radial profiles of gas and solids holdups have been studied in agas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed at 140mm i.d..Experimental results indicate that the axialand radial profiles of gas and solids holdups are more uniform than those in a conventionalfluidized bed.Axial and radial liquid dispersion coefficients in the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidizedbed are investigated for the first time.It is found that axial and radial liquid dispersioncoefficients increases with increaes in gas velocity and solids holdup.The liquid velocity has littleinfluence on the axial liquid dispersion coefficient,but would adversely affect the redial liquiddispersion coefficient.It can be concluded that the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed hasadvantages such as better interphase contact and lower liquid dispersion along the axial directionover the expanded bed.     

硅疏水改性聚胺阻垢剂的制备及其性能

用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、1-氯辛烷对低相对分子质量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)进行疏水接枝改性,得到了含硅疏水改性聚胺阻垢剂。通过FTIR、TG、粒径分析、Zeta电位测试等分析改性后聚胺阻垢剂的结构与性能。结果表明,改性后产物热稳定性提高、黏度增大、表面张力降低、溶液粒径增大。将改性聚胺阻垢剂用于分散铝硅酸钠颗粒,对处理前后的颗粒进行红外光谱表征,并通过对悬浮分散液进行稳定性、颗粒沉降等测试,评价聚胺阻垢剂的阻垢分散性能并初步讨论其分散机理。当m(PEI, M_w=10000)∶m(KH560)∶m(1-氯辛烷)=10∶2∶0.5,反应时间6 h,反应温度75℃时,合成的阻垢剂分散性能最佳。当结疤的质量浓度为30 g/L时,悬浮液颗粒沉降速度达到最低值0.047 cm/d,沉降速率减小程度达到94.8%,分散性显著提高。经过改性后的PEI在氧化铝工业生产中具有高效的阻垢作用,可通过在工厂进行条件优化,进一步替代传统的强酸型阻垢剂,减小管道腐蚀程度,降低能耗。     

氯乙烯悬浮聚合分散体系的中试研究

通过大量试验分析了HPMC-E50和HPMC-F50在氯乙烯悬浮聚合中对PVC树脂的影响,从而确定了复合分散体系的质量分数以及分散剂的配比。结果表明,PVA和HPMC-E50复合分散体系的分散能力优于PVA和HPMC-F50复合分散体系;在悬浮聚合中,PVA和HPMC-E50复合分散体系与VCM的比例以0.05%~0.06%为宜;在PVA和HPMC-E50复合分散体系中,HPMC-E50所占比例以40%~60%为宜。     

水声传感阵列指向性与系统传输性能研究

针对浅海水声通信中水汽界面和海底的反射产生多途效应对信号传输的影响,依据水下声传输原理,分析了水声信道中的噪声特点和产生多途效应机理,研究水声信道中声传感器指向性与传输性能关系,探讨水声传感阵列方式在水下通信环境的优势,设计合理的阵元间连接形式、阵列驱动电路和阻抗匹配电路,保证有效的功率耦合效率。经水下试验测试表明:采用一定指向性的声阵列结构,利用单个阵元波束宽度小于10°,构成阵列结构的波束宽度小于30°,并进行一定阻抗匹配,可减小能量损失,有效提高水声通信系统性能。     

不同分散剂对细粒高硫煤及煤系黄铁矿的选择性分散

主要研究六偏磷酸钠和腐植酸纳２种分散剂分别对细粒高硫煤、煤系黄铁矿悬浮液的分散作用，考察了分散剂用量、介质ｐＨ值对细粒煤与煤系黄铁矿选择性分散的影响。     

Desulfurization of commercial fuels by π-complexation: Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al2O3

Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was studied for desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel (364.3 ppmw S) and a commercial diesel (140 ppmw S). The sorbent was prepared by means of spontaneous monolayer dispersion methods. Deep desulfurization (sulfur levels of <1 ppmw) was accomplished with this sorbent using a fixed-bed adsorber. The CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was capable of removing 6.4 and 11.2 mg of sulfur per gram for jet fuel at breakthrough (at <1 ppmw S) and saturation, respectively. The same sorbent was capable of removing 0.94 and 1.8 mg of sulfur per gram for BP diesel at breakthrough and saturation, respectively. The difference in sulfur capacities for jet fuel and diesel was apparently caused by the difference in concentrations of strongly binding compounds, such as nitrogen heterocycles, heavy (polynuclear) aromatics and fuel additives. In comparison with CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃, Cu(I)Y zeolite has higher sulfur capacities but is less stable and can be easily oxidized to Cu(II)Y by fuel additives (such as oxygenates) and moisture and consequently loses π-complexation ability. However, all these cuprous π-complexation sorbents selectively adsorb thiophenic compounds over aromatics and olefins (as predicted by the high separation factors), which resulted in the observed desulfurization capability. A feasibility study is shown for efficient regeneration of CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ using ultrasound at ambient temperature. Possible problems associated with desulfurization using π-complexation sorbents for commercial fuels are discussed.     

远红外日用陶瓷釉的研究

通过在普通日用陶瓷釉中掺入远红外陶瓷粉,研究了远红外陶瓷粉对釉面质量(白度、光泽度、显微硬度)及远红外陶瓷釉辐射率的影响,探讨了不同分散剂对远红外陶瓷粉在基釉中的分散情况及其对陶瓷釉显微结构的影响。制备出了符合国家日用瓷质量标准、且具有高的远红外辐射性能的远红外日用陶瓷釉。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与性能

在含氟表面活性剂存在下，将聚偏氟乙烯超声分散于甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的混合单体中进行乳液聚合，制备了聚偏氟乙烯／聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。采用动态光散射DLS、透射电镜TEM和红外光谱FT—IR对乳液组成及乳胶粒子的形态进行了表征，并对聚合物胶膜的性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：聚偏氟乙烯的加入，使复合乳液膜的拉伸强度显著增大，吸水率减小。