Finite Element Modelling of TRIP Steels

A constitutive model that describes the mechanical behaviour of steels exhibiting “Transformation Induced Plasticity” (TRIP) during martensitic transformation is presented. Multiphase TRIP steels are considered as composite materials with a ferritic matrix containing bainite and retained austenite, which gradually transforms into martensite. The effective properties and overall behaviour of TRIP steels are determined by using homogenization techniques for non‐linear composites. The developed constitutive model considers the different hardening behaviour of the individual phases and estimates the apportionment of plastic strain and stress between the individual phases of the composite. A methodology for the numerical integration of the resulting elastoplastic constitutive equations in the context of the finite element method is developed and the constitutive model is implemented in a general‐purpose finite element program. The prediction of the model in uniaxial tension agrees well with the experimental data. The problem of necking of a bar in uniaxial tension is studied in detail.     

Effect of Rare Earth Element Ce on Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum Rod for Electrical Purpose

The effect of rare earth element Ce on microstructure, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties was studied.Using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer, the microstructure and phase composition of aluminum rod for electrical purpose were measured and analyzed.The results indicate that rare earth element Ce can considerably refine grain size of aluminum rod for electrical purpose,improve the regular distribution pattern of the impurity, such as silicon and iron which present in the aluminum matrix,form stable metal compound with pernicious impurity.This metal compound precipitates on the crystal boundary.As a result, the solid solubility of impurity in aluminum reduce, and the electrical conductivity of aluminum rod for electrical purpose is improved.It is found that the mechanical properties of aluminum rod for electrical purpose are improved by rare earth element in certain range of RE addition.     

Wheel Load Distribution in Simply Supported Concrete Slab Bridges

This paper presents the results of a parametric study related to the wheel load distribution in one-span, simply supported, multilane, reinforced concrete slab bridges. The finite-element method was used to investigate the effect of span length, slab width with and without shoulders, and wheel load conditions on typical bridges. A total of 112 highway bridge case studies were analyzed. It was assumed that the bridges were stand-alone structures carrying one-way traffic. The finite-element analysis (FEA) results of one-, two-, three-, and four-lane bridges are presented in combination with four typical span lengths. Bridges were loaded with highway design truck HS20 placed at critical locations in the longitudinal direction of each lane. Two possible transverse truck positions were considered: (1) Centered loading condition where design trucks are assumed to be traveling in the center of each lane; and (2) edge loading condition where the design trucks are placed close to one edge of the slab with the absolute minimum spacing between adjacent trucks. FEA results for bridges subjected to edge loading showed that the AASHTO standard specifications procedure overestimates the bending moment by 30% for one lane and a span length less than 7.5 m (25 ft) but agrees with FEA bending moments for longer spans. The AASHTO bending moment gave results similar to those of the FEA when considering two or more lanes and a span length less than 10.5 m (35 ft). However, as the span length increases, AASHTO underestimates the FEA bending moment by 15 to 30%. It was shown that the presence of shoulders on both sides of the bridge increases the load-carrying capacity of the bridge due to the increase in slab width. An extreme loading scenario was created by introducing a disabled truck near the edge in addition to design trucks in other lanes placed as close as possible to the disabled truck. For this extreme loading condition, AASHTO procedure gave similar results to the FEA longitudinal bending moments for spans up to 7.5 m (25 ft) and underestimated the FEA (20 to 40%) for spans between 9 and 16.5 m (30 and 55 ft), regardless of the number of lanes. The new AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) bridge design specifications overestimate the bending moments for normal traffic on bridges. However, LRFD procedure gives results similar to those of the FEA edge+truck loading condition. Furthermore, the FEA results showed that edge beams must be considered in multilane slab bridges with a span length ranging between 6 and 16.5 m (20 and 55 ft). This paper will assist bridge engineers in performing realistic designs of simply supported, multilane, reinforced concrete slab bridges as well as evaluating the load-carrying capacity of existing highway bridges.     

Wave propagation in delaminated beam

The wave propagation model investigated herein is based on the known fact that material discontinuities affect the propagation of elastic waves in solids. The change in certain material characteristics, such as a local change in stiffness or inertia caused by a crack or the presence of material damage, will affect the propagation of transmitted elastic waves and will modify the received signal. Wave frequencies associated with the highest detection sensitivity depend, among other things, on the type of structure, the type of material, and the type of damage. This paper presents a method of wave propagation, which can be further used to detect small delaminations in beam-like structures. The considered beam is modelled by spectral finite elements.     

Computational modeling of flow over an ogee spillway

This paper presents an investigation into the hydraulics of regular ogee-profile spillways. The free-surfaces of the fluid for several flow heads as measured in the hydraulics laboratory are used as benchmarks. The finite element computational fluid dynamics software, ADINA, was used to predict the free surface over an ogee spillway and thus model the flow field. Since the actual flow is turbulent the k-ε flow model was used. For the cases considered in this paper, ADINA predicted reasonable free surface results that are consistent with general flow characteristics over spillways. The results are also in close agreement with measured free-surface profiles over the entire length of the spillway.     

Experimental study and simulation of a hydraulic engine mount with fully coupled fluid-structure interaction finite element analysis model

Non-linear properties of a generic hydraulic engine mount (HEM) are identified and characterized by experiment and simulation approaches. The experimental methods for obtaining static and dynamic performances of the HEM are presented. The characteristics of two configurations of the take-apart HEMs (one is with an inertia track and a free decoupler and the other one is only with an inertia track) and their rubber springs are studied. The relations between static stiffness of an HEM and its rubber springs in three orthogonal directions are investigated. The influences of preload, excitation amplitudes and frequencies on the dynamic stiffness of an HEM are verified. The effects of the free decoupler on dynamic characteristics of the HEM are studied by comparisons of the test results of the two HEMs. The dynamic fluid pressure and the temperature in the upper chamber of an HEM are measured under different excitation conditions. A fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and finite element analysis (FEA) model for simulation of HEMs is developed in this paper, which can be used to simulate the static and dynamic performances of the HEMs with only stress versus strain relations of the rubber materials, the fluid physical parameters and the HEMs sizes. The simulated results of one HEM with the proposed model are given, and the results match well with the measured data, or in coincidence with the working mechanisms of HEMs.     

一种实用的叉车转向桥有限元分析系统

结合叉车上转向桥强度，变质的算例，开发了一个实用的叉车转向桥有限元分析系统，通过研究表明，该系统能实现有限元网格的自动划分，及时了解变形、应力和最大部位。     

柴油机气缸盖的模态分析

利用有限元法对柴油机气缸盖进行了模态分析,获得了气缸盖的基本振型和相关频率,与试验结果进行比较,两者有较好的一致性,因而可利用所建立的有限元模型完成气缸盖的动态响应分析及设计优化.     

Passat B5密封条大变形非线性有限元分析

利用非线性有限元分析软件MARC对Passat B5的车门密封条进行仿真分析,并借助测试装置对实际产品材料参数进行准确测定,解决了该复杂结构的几何非线性、材料非线性和压缩过程边界非线性的有限元分析难点,获得良好的定量分析结果。     

一种基于STL几何模型的有限元三角形网格的自动生成方法

有限元网格划分是有限元分析的关键技术之一。本文利用CAD软件导出的STL几何模型,用自行开发的几何基本工具库对其进行几何信息提取,然后通过网格优化后,自动生成合格的三角形有限元网格,最后输出商业化有限元分析软件所需的前处理文件,为有限元分析提供了一个快速建模工具。