Statistical multiplexing gain for variable bit rate video codecs in ATM networks

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) broadband networks will support variable bit rate video codecs, which are capable of maintaining a constant picture quality. To demonstrate this capability, a prototype hardware video coder has been developed in the Siemens Central Communications Laboratories. The prototype uses interframe coding, combined with a discrete cosine transform, and is able to reproduce the original picture quality, independent of signal sources or picture material used. A gain in transmission efficiency is expected when several video sources share a common ATM channel (‘statistical multiplexing’). This paper reports on a series of measurements that have been performed using this coder for a large variety of video sources to determine the possible gain in transmission efficiency. The main results are: for realistic video phone scenes, up to about three times the number of signals can be transmitted compared to transmision with constant rate and the same picture quality, if the output signal of the coder has been smoothed over a period of one frame. Smoothing over shorter periods reduces the potential gain substantially. The statistical multiplexing gain increases with the duration of the picture sequences due to the criterion of constant picture quality. It varies very little with the acceptable packet loss rate.     

Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on PSO-GA for Multi-User OFDM System

In order to minimize the transmitted power in the multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, a scheme combining the improved particle swarm optimization (POS) algorithm with genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimize the sub-carriers and bits allocation. In the algorithm, a random velocity between the maximum and minimum particle velocity is used as the updating velocity instead of maximum or minimum velocity when the updated particle velocity is higher than the maximum particle velocity or lower than the minimum particle velocity. Then, the convergence population is used as the initial population of the genetic algorithm to optimize the sub-carriers and bits allocation further. Simulation results show that the transmitted power of the proposed algorithm is about 2 dB to 10 dB lower than that of the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and Zhang's algorithm.     

面向2G/3G/4G/WLAN融合接入应用的光载无线分布式天线系统

文章认为满足2G/3G/4G/WLAN四网融合业务的多样性、多业务等级、高品质要求,需要建设能够实现宽带接入的光载无线分布式天线网络。为了实现低成本、高性能、多业务融合接入的光载无线(ROF)分布式天线网络,文章基于商用的千兆以太网光器件,设计了低成本、宽带的光收发模块;利用光损耗和受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应对链路传输性能的影响,基于激光器线宽展宽技术,抑制了受激布里渊散射效应;采用副载波复用技术,实现了点到点的多业务混合传输;采用粗波分复用技术,实现了点到多点的多业务分布式传输。     

一种新型的OFDM系统频率同步方案

提出了一种正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的频率同步方案。该方案包含一个细同步算法和一个粗同步算法。细同步算法是对MOOSE算法的改进,使其频率捕获范围扩大一倍;粗同步算法通过对特殊的长训练序列进行频域相关运算,来估计大范围的频率偏移,它与改进的细同步算法相结合,能够纠正达到半个系统带宽的频偏。仿真表明这是一种准确而可靠的频率同步方案。     

综合复用技术中基于HDLC的MCC驱动设计

首先介绍了综合复用技术在业务QoS和安全性保障方面的独特优点,然后重点描述了综合复用技术中一种典型的基于HDLC的MCC驱动的开发设计,包括设计思路、HDLC分析、MCC硬件原理、数据处理原理、MCC初始化过程和E1实现模型等.     

波分复用系统的发展和应用

本文回顾了波分复用技术的发展进程,简介了波分复用系统的构成、常用的波分复用器件、应用中的关键技术,并展望了波分复用技术的发展趋势。     

正交频分复用探测体制研究

提出一种新的无线电引信探测体制一正交频分复用探测体制的设想，介绍了该体制的原理，初步分析了该体制的抗干扰性能和测距性能。通过分析表明所提出的新探测体制利用大量并行的多载波子信道进行目标探测和利用回波信号的时．频相关特性进行信息提取，具有强的抗有源干扰能力，并可获得高精度的距离，速度等信息。     

Dynamic Waveband Switching in WDM Mesh Networks Based on a Generic Auxiliary Graph Model

Waveband switching (WBS) is a promising technique to reduce the switching and transmission costs in the optical domain of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network. This paper considers the problem of provisioning dynamic traffic using WBS in a WDM mesh network. The network of interest is a homogeneous WBS network, where each node has the functionality of WBS. The problem is called the dynamic WBS problem, which involves searching waveband-routes or wavelength-routes for the dynamically arriving traffic requests. The objective is to minimize the total switching and transmission costs in the optical domain. To solve the dynamic WBS problem, an auxiliary graph model capturing the network state is proposed. Based on the auxiliary graph, two heuristic on-line WBS algorithms with different waveband grouping policies are proposed, namely the wavelength-first WBS algorithm based on the auxiliary graph (WFAUG) and the waveband-first WBS algorithm based on the auxiliary graph (BFAUG). Simulation results indicate that WBS is an attractive technique which reduces the overall switching and transmission costs by up to 30% in the network. The results also show that the WFAUG algorithm outperforms the BFAUG algorithm in terms of port savings and cost savings.     

Broadband Wireless Access Solutions - Progressive Challenges and Potential Valueof Next Generation Mobile Networks

The growth in mobile communication will accelerate over the next years. Today most of the mobile subscribers use cellular services only. But this will change in the near future towards broadband wireless access services like WiFi and WiMAX. This paper describes a fundamental overview of the broadband wireless access technologies and outlines the market view, major trends and introduces OFDM technologies. New developments for integration of broadband wireless access into the operators' infrastructure are also discussed.     

Design methodology for WDM backbone networks using FWM-aware heuristic algorithm

The problem of lightpath topology design (LTD) and traffic routing over the lightpaths for wavelength-routed optical backbone networks has been investigated extensively in the past using heuristic as well as linear-programming based approaches. Sensitivity of such long-haul backbones to physical-layer impairments is required to be adequately addressed during LTD phase to improve overall performance. For optical communication using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) over a long-haul fiber backbone, four-wave mixing (FWM) may become one of the significant transmission impairments. Intrinsically, for a WDM-based wavelength-routed network with wavelengths assigned using equally-spaced channels, the generated FWM components are found to remain more crowded at the center of the fiber transmission window. Using this observation, we propose an LTD scheme employing a unique wavelength assignment (WA) technique, wherein long lightpaths (traversing through a larger number of fiber links) are allocated wavelengths at the either edges of the fiber transmission window whereas short lightpaths (consisting of fewer fiber links) are placed in the middle of the transmission window, thereby reducing the FWM crosstalk for long lightpaths. Since long lightpaths comprise of large numbers of fiber links and intermediate nodes, they experience large amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and switch crosstalk. Therefore, by using the proposed WA technique, long lightpaths while suffering from more ASE noise and switch crosstalk get subjected to lesser FWM crosstalk leading to a more uniform distribution of overall optical signal-to-noise ratio for all the lightpaths across the network. Analysis of our results indicates that the proposed FWM-aware LTD scheme with the novel WA technique can achieve similar congestion levels (of lightpaths) and bandwidth utilization efficiency without any need of additional network resources as compared with the existing FWM-unaware LTD schemes.