Analysis of oceanaut operating performance using an integrated Bayesian network aided by the fuzzy logic theory

Because the oceanaut plays a significant role in safety and capability during manned deep-diving scientific tasks, preventing oceanaut performance decline is of paramount importance. However, the factors responsible for oceanaut performance are almost entirely unexplored. To address the preceding issues, a quantitative method of fuzzy integrated Bayesian network (FIBN) was modeled within the limits of oceanaut operating procedures. To quantify the probabilities of the influencing factors, the probability of each node in the FIBN was calculated using integrated expert judgement, fuzzy logic theory, and Bayesian network. By considering a total of 28 factors related to oceanaut performance in the “Jiaolong” manned submersible, this study found that difficult sampling, long sampling times, cabin equipment failure, oceanaut physical decline, and declining decision-making ability are important factors that affect oceanaut performance. The FIBN proposed in our study fused the qualitative and quantitative methods and can be developed into a versatile tool for analysis of comprehensive systems that contain both static and dynamic factors.Relevance to industryThe results provide a powerful basis for the design of manned submersible and assignment of tasks to oceanauts, while the fuzzy integrated Bayesian network (FIBN) method proposed can be effectively applied to various quantitative assessment fields which direct researchers to deal with analysis problems of complex systems.     

Authority updating: An expert authority evaluation algorithm considering post‐evaluation and power indices in social networks

In group assessment, the focus is on finding high‐authority experts to improve the reliability of assessment results. In this study, we propose an authority updating algorithm while considering the power and judgement reliability of an expert on the basis of social networks and post‐evaluations. A network power index is established and used to reflect the power of an expert while considering social networks. The measurement of the judgement reliability of an expert considers the post‐evaluation of the objects selected by experts, thereby more scientifically reflecting the reliability of experts. The analysis shows the following: although the social‐network structure influences the authority of experts, the influence weakens when the assessment group is a highly or even fully connected group; the network effect may increase the authority of some experts and reduce that of others, and it will weaken as the network connectivity increases; moreover, the judgement reliability and authority of an expert while considering post‐evaluation can encourage him/her to make fair assessments and strive to reduce his/her motivation and cognitive biases.     

The pulse distributed file system

A network of powerful personal computers, linked by a high-speed local area network, is being seen increasingly as an alternative to a traditional centralized time-sharing operating system. The PULSE project is investigating how such a system may be constructed to give the benefits of a self-sufficient personal computer to each user without losing the facilities for communication and sharing of data inherent in centralized systems. In particular, a distributed file system has been built which provides a single global UNIX

1 UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.

-like hierarchy, with a consistent appearance when accessed from any machine. Replicated copies of files are maintained to improve reliability, increase performance, and enable each machine to run stand-alone, albeit with reduced facilities.     

持续发展是唯一出路

讨论了人类、环境与发展的关系，指出不适当的发展模式已使三者之间形成恶性循环，必须及时地改变发展模式。列举了中国面临的严重环境问题，指出只有走可持续发展的道路才是唯一出路。并提出为实施可持续发展应注意的６个主要问题。     

PRO/Ⅱ软件在硫磺回收中的二次开发应用

硫磺回收装置的设备需要有较大的操作弹性。针对其过程气进口压力低，手工计算难于进行严格的全程压降计算，现以PRO／Ⅱ软件为开发平台，通过扩充数据库和建立模拟流程，成功地将其用于硫磺回收装置的设备选型和核算，为工程设计提供了先进的计算手段。     

Structure development in amorphous starch as revealed by X‐ray scattering: Influence of the network structure and water content

The evolution of the amorphous structure of starch was characterized during the drying process by real‐time X‐ray wide‐angle scattering. The X‐ray diffractograms of injection‐molded starch show two superposed, rather broad, scattering maxima indicative of noncrystalline structures. The location of the two peaks has been associated to disordered starch single helices. A third maximum that arises upon drying the material in vacuum is associated to the scattering emerging from regions containing double helices. A model for the starch network is proposed, assuming a primary and a secondary component. The wider, temperature stable component appearing first, is correlated to the entanglement network of the melt. The narrower network component, which is created later, at lower temperature (secondary network), is explained by the formation of double helix regions that densify the wider primary network. The secondary network is increased strongly by the drying process. X‐ray experiments performed during the penetration of water, provoking a higher molecular mobility, reveal a better‐packed helical structure that becomes the precursor of a double helix crystalline formation. When temperature increases, the secondary network is dissolved and water molecules arrange themselves in better‐organized crystals as strongly bound crystal water. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1880–1886, 2006     

设计院一定要拥有技术开发技术

阐述了设计院拥有技术和开发技术的重要性及获取技术的途径，并详细介绍了设计人员能够开展的技术开发工作。     

打火机专用SAN树脂工业化开发生产

介绍了15kt/a本体苯乙烯－丙烯腈（SAN)装置试生产打火机专用SAN树脂的生产情况，确定了主要工艺配方及参数：进料组成为乙苯浓度为6％－11％、丙烯腈浓度为30％－42％，聚合温度130－145℃、压力0．40－0．46MPa，搅拌转速60－90r/min，脱挥温度215－250℃、压力小于等于4kPa；并对影响打火机志用SAN树脂性能的主要工艺条件及因素进行了讨论。结果表明，聚合温度、结合丙烯腈含量、熔体流动指数、转化率是影响打火机专用SAN树脂生产工艺及产品性能的主要因素。     

世界化纤发展趋势

对纤维的需求不断增长，天然纤维缺口将愈来愈大，均为化纤发展带来了机遇。化纤工业竞争激烈，主要趋势为扩大规模提高效率。无人化、环保化也是一种趋势。同时也发展了一些与下游名牌产品联系在一起的小型专业厂．高技术、高性能纤维发展较快．在技术方面，认为纤维超细化、废弃物回收重新纺制纤维，注意环保，设备增容、高效化，高性能纤维开发等是主要趋势．