Harvesting light with transformation optics

Transformation optics （TO） is a new tool for controlling electromagnetic fields. In the context of metamaterial technology, it provides a direct link between a desired electromagnetic （EM） phenomenon and the material response required for its occurrence. Recently, this powerful framework has been successfully exploited to study surface plasmon assisted phenomena such as light harvesting. Here, we review the general strategy based on TO to design plasmonic devices capable of harvesting light over a broadband spectrum and achieving considerable field confinement and enhancement. The methodology starts with two-dimensional （2D） cases, such as 2D metal edges, crescent-shaped cylinders, nanowire dimers, and rough metal surfaces, and is well extended to fully-fledged three-dimensional （3D） situations. The largely analytic approach gives physical insights into the processes involved and suggests a way forward to study a wide variety of plasmonic nanostructures.     

基于高程图的光学成像模型

从成像模型出发,利用光照模型和大气模型,研究时间、地理位置与太阳位置之间的关系,以及不同气候条件下日照与太阳位置之间的关系。根据气候、地理位置、时间确定景象表面的日照(它等于太阳光照和天空光照的表示),在已知高程图、视点和参考地图的条件下,能够较逼真地模拟产生不同气候条件及不同时间下的数字地面光学图像。     

飞秒激光在6H-SiC表面诱导偏振依赖纳米结构特性研究

激光诱导偏振依赖纳米结构是一种有效实现纳米图案化的技术,并且一直备受研究者的青睐。利用飞秒激光微加工技术,对6H-SiC晶体表面激光诱导偏振依赖纳米结构特性进行了研究。通过改变入射激光加工偏振态和延迟时间样品表面诱导产生了直径约为150 nm的球形纳米颗粒、椭圆形纳米颗粒和空间周期约为150 nm的高空间频率表面条纹结构。实验结果表明,入射激光偏振特性会直接影响诱导产生的微结构形貌,并且优先入射的飞秒激光对最终产生的表面微结构形貌有决定性作用。初步探讨了偏振依赖纳米结构形成的物理机制,表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)在表面微纳米结构的产生过程中扮演着重要角色,研究结果对激光诱导表面周期结构(laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS)可控制备具有重要意义。     

Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation in asymmetrical dual-hop mixed RF-FSO transmission system

This paper investigates the performance of a dual-hop mixed relay system with radio frequency (RF) and free-space optics (FSO) communication under the effect of pointing error (PE) and atmospheric turbulence (AT). This paper considers a system where RF and FSO links are cascaded. The RF link is modeled by Nakagami-m fading, and the FSO link is modeled as gamma–gamma (G-G) fading channel. Both the channel models use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, signal-to-noise ratio, and ergodic capacity are derived. The moment generating function (MGF) of fading and the bit error rate (BER) of the OFDM-based M-ary QAM scheme is derived in terms of Meijer's G-function. It has been observed that, in fixed gain relay systems, the modulation scheme's BER is dominated by the SNR of the RF link. While in a variable gain relay system, the turbulence conditions of the FSO system affect the SNR and the BER of the modulation method. The feasibility of heterodyne detection and intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) is analyzed in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity. The results can be used to choose the optimal modulation order and relay system for QAM-OFDM-based optical wireless systems.     

Small Changes,Big Impact: Tungsten Bronzes with Extremely Large Second Harmonic Generation Achieved by the Transition Metal Doping on the B-Site

Two novel transition metal-doped tungsten bronze oxides, Pb_2.15Li_0.85Nb_4.85Ti_0.15O₁₅ (PLNT) and Pb_2.15Li_0.55Nb_4.85W_0.15O₁₅ (PLNW), are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The Rietveld method using the high-resolution synchrotron radiation indicates that PLNT and PLNW crystallize in the orthorhombic polar noncentrosymmetric space group, Pmn2₁ (no. 31). As a class of tungsten bronze oxide, PLNT and PLNW retain a unique rigid framework composed of d⁰ transition metal cation (Ti⁴⁺ or W⁶⁺)-doped highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra along with the subsequently generated Pb/LiO₁₂ and PbO₁₅ polyhedra. Interestingly, the d⁰ transition metal-doped tungsten bronzes, PLNT and PLNW, exhibit extremely large second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses of 56 and 67 × KH₂PO₄, respectively. The observed immeasurably strong SHG is mainly attributed to a net polarization originating from the alignment of highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra with doped transition metals in the frameworks. It is believed that doping transition metal cations at the B-site of the tungsten bronze structures should be an innovative strategy to develop novel high-performance nonlinear optical materials.     

基于光线追迹的方形微通道X光器件模拟

为研究方形微通道X光器件的成像特性,基于光线追迹法建立了一种方形微通道X光器件的数学模型。利用数值模拟的方法对比了方形微通道X光器件和传统多毛细管X光器件的传输效率,研究了方形微通道X光器件的潜在光源位置分辨能力、光斑形貌等成像特性。证实了方形微通道X光器件在深空探测和空间X射线成像领域的潜在应用价值。     

黑磷纳米盘-层等离激元系统中的各向异性可调多阶强耦合

黑磷支持各向异性的表面等离激元,可用于设计具备更多功能的原理性器件。用时域有限差分法数值模拟了中红外到远红外波段基于黑磷的层-盘-层系统中不同等离激元模式之间的杂交行为。通过动态调节黑磷中的载流子浓度,可以实现两个晶格方向上强耦合现象的产生与控制。对不同模式间的耦合进行分析并计算,得到吸收光谱中的拉比分裂能最高可达42.9 meV。此外,还计算了偏振角度对各向异性强耦合的影响,其最高可以实现6个吸收频带。该模型可为构建未来在中远红外波段工作的基于二维材料紧凑型各向异性等离激元器件提供基础。     

通信波段稀土离子掺杂固态量子存储进展

量子互联网是实现多方量子通信、分布式量子计算等量子信息技术的重要基础,量子存储器作为实现互联网的重要部件,对量子信息技术的发展、应用具有举足轻重的作用。如今遍布全球的光纤网络已经是信息传输的有力载体,通信波段的量子存储器因容易嵌入到当前的光纤网络中而备受重视。聚焦于稀土离子掺杂固态体系的通信波段光量子存储,首先介绍稀土离子掺杂固态量子存储的基本原理,包括稀土掺杂材料特性以及存储协议等,然后介绍目前的研究现状,最后简要分析其未来的发展趋势,并对量子互联网的构建做出展望。     

轨道角动量光束非线性转换研究进展北大核心CSCD

轨道角动量(OAM)是光的一个重要的自由度。由于携带OAM的光束具有特殊的强度相位分布以及力学效应,使得此类光束在高速光通信、测量、成像、光镊和量子信息中具有广泛的应用。关于OAM光束在准相位匹配晶体(QPM)中的频率变换研究,一方面可以研究OAM光束参与非线性相互作用时与高斯光束不同的物理机制;另一方面,非线性过程提供了多种有效的光场调控手段,可以实现携带OAM光场不同自由度的精细调控,为满足不同的光学应用奠定基础。综述了近十年来OAM光束在QPM晶体中的非线性转换研究主要进展,具体包括:非线性过程中OAM光束的守恒、传输、演化和干涉行为研究,高效率的OAM激光和单光子态频率转换研究,OAM频率转换效率模式非依赖性研究,矢量光束的频率转换研究,以及无后向选择的高维OAM纠缠态的制备研究。最后讨论和展望了OAM在QPM晶体中频率转换方面的未来研究趋势。     

Nonlinear optical behavior of alkyne terminated phthalocyanines in solution and when embedded in polysulfone as thin films: Effects of aggregation

We report here for the first time, on the comparative studies of the photophysical and optical limiting behavior of our two novel phthalocyanines namely 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-tetrakis-(4-(5-methylhex-1-yn-3-yloxy)) phthalocyanines 2, and 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-tetrakis-(4-(5-methylhex-1-yn-3-yloxy)) phthalocyaninato zinc (II) (3) in solution and thin films. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the samples in solution and contained in polysulfone (PSU) thin films were evaluated using Z-scan technique at 532 nm and 10 ns pulsed duration. Effects of aggregation and disaggregation on the NLO performance of metal-free phthalocyanine are reported in detail. Our findings showed that the prepared Pcs show larger nonlinear absorption coefficient and lower limiting thresholds when embedded in polysulfone films compared to in solutions. The values of nonlinear susceptibility and hyperpolarizability recorded for 3-PSU in this work are respectively, ∼2.09 × 10⁻⁸ esu and ∼1.02 × 10⁻²⁶ esu. These values are among the largest values reported for phthalocyanines and other macrocycles doped on polymer matrices.