Precise rendering method for exact anti-aliasing and highlighting

This paper introduces the Precise Rendering Method, which generates accurately anti-aliased and highlighted images from tessellated polygons. The Precise Rendering Method first solves the aliasing problems of hidden surface removal by using the Cross Scanline Algorithm. This algorithm can exactly calculate polygon areas projected onto each pixel by using horizontal and vertical scanlines. Aliasing artifacts in shading are then prevented by the Reflection Intergration Method, which analytically integrates the intensity of reflection in the solid angle defined by surface normals at vertices of the projected area. Several synthesized images are created to show the efficiency of the Precise Rendering Method.     

用熵方程证明全不可逆循环揭示的Clausius方程式

利用不可逆循环图代替传统的半不可逆循环推导出Clausius积分式，并用熵方程证明之，得出可逆过程膨胀功大于不可逆过程膨胀功。     

Information technology support in the chemical process design life cycle

Information technology has been becoming increasingly important in all areas of engineering during the last few years. Much of the progress achieved in chemical engineering would not have been possible without the enabling methods and tools provided by information technology. This trend will continue in the future but most likely with a considerably wider scope. While individual software tools and services have been in focus until recently, their integration into engineering work processes is an emerging and challenging area of research and development. This contribution attempts to highlight state of the art and future trends in supporting the activities during the life cycle of a chemical process by means of information technology. Emphasis will be largely on the process and plant design process rather than on procurement, manufacturing, and distribution of materials in the supply chain.     

Integration of multiple national markets for electricity: The case of Norway and Sweden

During the second part of the 1990s the Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) countries have created a unique multinational market for electricity. This paper aims to analyse the degree of integration of the different national markets that constitute the Nordic electricity market. In particular the Norwegian and Swedish wholesale and retail electricity markets are analysed. The results suggest that the wholesale markets are well integrated. Thus prices differ significantly only during periods with unusually high or low supply of hydropower. However, the retail markets are not integrated to the same degree. Thus retail prices and trade margins differ significantly. Differences in the national electricity market legislation seem to be a key factor behind these differences.     

虚拟企业中数字车间与供应链系统的集成与协调

数字车间和供应链系统是虚拟企业的两个重要的功能组织。数字车间与供应链系统的信息集成和功能协调是虚拟企业能够高效运作的基础。Agent技术是构建大型、分布式系统的有效方法。本文研究了基于Agent技术的虚拟企业集成技术和协调机制。     

资源与目标一体化评价技术及其勘探意义

资源与目标一体化评价技术,主要对盆地、含油气系统、区带、圈闭以及勘探开发区块进行资源潜力评价和空间分布预测,并通过地质风险、工程、经济等方面的综合评价和决策分析,对有利目标进行评价和优选,对于提高勘探效率,降低勘探风险,实现油气资源动态管理具有重要意义。通过对该技术在国外研究和应用现状及发展趋势的分析,结合当前我国油气资源评价和勘探目标评价现状,指出了我国油气勘探评价存在着数据库建设滞后、各种评价参数积累不够、参数选择随意性大等问题,认为我国石油公司应坚持“以自主开发为主,适度引进”的思路,发展具有自主知识产权的核心勘探评价技术,以提高油气勘探水平,增强国际竞争力。     

Computational Schemes for Flexible,Nonlinear Multi-Body Systems

This paper deals with the development of computational schemes for the dynamic analysis of flexible, nonlinear multi-body systems. The focus of the investigation is on the derivation of unconditionally stable time integration schemes for these types of problem. At first, schemes based on Galerkin and time discontinuous Galerkin approximations applied to the equations of motion written in the symmetric hyperbolic form are proposed. Though useful, these schemes require casting the equations of motion in the symmetric hyperbolic form, which is not always possible for multi-body applications. Next, unconditionally stable schemes are proposed that do not rely on the symmetric hyperbolic form. Both energy preserving and energy decaying schemes are derived that both provide unconditionally stable schemes for nonlinear multi-body systems. The formulation of beam and flexible joint elements, as well as of the kinematic constraints associated with universal and revolute joints. An automated time step selection procedure is also developed based on an energy related error measure that provides both local and global error levels. Several examples of simulation of realistic multi-body systems are presented which illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed schemes, and demonstrate the need for unconditional stability and high frequency numerical dissipation.     

A calibration method for the energy-integrating function in photovoltaic system monitoring

Solar radiation has an irregularly varying factor due to a basic day and night cycle and climatic conditions. For such conditions a data sampling interval is important to ensure the accuracy of energy monitoring in a photovoltaic system. While treating a system monitoring equipment as a black box. the author has developed the method of calibrating an energy-integrating function. At first for various input waveforms, the relationship between sampling intervals and quasi-integration outputs have been examined by trapezoidal rule. In the numerical simulation the phases of the sampling clock also are considered Then it is concluded that a sampling interval can be inspected through outside observation only by using a rectangular single pulse. By applying the pulse to the energy-integrating process, two kinds of integrated outputs can be obtained for different sampling phases. The calculated difference between both outputs can uniquely give the sampling interval being inspected. Conditions to ensure measuring accuracy are discussed and the validity of this method has been demonstrated experimentally. Practical calibrating procedures also are proposed for the integrating function of PV system monitoring.     

基于COM＋技术的Web服务封装研究

早期的信息管理系统都是用于实现企业特定的业务功能而建立的,包括对企业生产、供应、销售以及客户服务等的控制和管理。企业按照职能部门建立了各种企业信息系统,这些信息管理系统被其所在部门所使用,并在实际的工作生产中发挥了巨大作用。该文从整体考虑各个企业信息管理系统,并根据具体业务的需求对这些系统进行统一编排,通过一个合适的集成平台把现有企业信息管理系统进行有机的整合起来,使各＂信息孤岛＂联系起来。