Initial stages of tin electrodeposition from sulfate baths in the presence of gluconate

Tin electrodeposition in its initial stages in acid sulfate/gluconate baths was studied with varying tin and gluconate concentrations using potential-controlled electrochemical techniques. The deposit morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison with tin electrodeposition from acid sulfate baths in the absence of gluconate was also carried out. Use of a highly acidic bath leads to nonuniform deposits, even in the presence of gluconate; at pH 4 deposits are uniform, brilliant and suitable for finishing applications. Tin crystallites have a well defined morphology which depends on bath agitation conditions. In the absence of agitation, the crystallites have the same tetragonal shape as in a sulfate bath without gluconate.     

Dislocation-mediated plasticity in silicon during nanometric cutting: A molecular dynamics simulation study

The nucleation and propagation of dislocations and its consequence on the defect structure in silicon during nanometric cutting are not well known, although the amorphization and high pressure phase transformation studies on silicon have remained at the epicentre of research across various disparate disciplines for over a decade. This paper proposes a new mechanism of crystal plasticity identified by a fully automated dislocation extraction algorithm in molecular dynamics simulations of nanometric cutting of silicon for different cutting planes/directions at a wide range of temperatures (300–1500 K). Alongside amorphization of silicon, our simulations revealed nanoscale stochastic nucleation of dislocations and stacking faults, which serve as mediators of microscopic plasticity during various contact loading operations and manufacturing processes of silicon. Of interest is that, irrespective of the cutting temperature, the stacking faults, which were not formed for either the (010)[100] or (111)[$\bar{1}1$0] crystal setups, were generated with three atomic layers in the (110)[00$\bar{1}$] cutting.     

自动滤毒通风系统的设计

介绍了设计自动滤毒通风系统的实际意义,并着重分析了该系统的组成及工作原理。该系统已通过专家评审,并投入批量生产,安全可靠,操作方便、易于维护。     

Crystallization and Drying in Thin Sucrose Films During Panning

Sucrose crystallization in thin films (50–55 μm) was studied, using a videomicroscopy technique, at conditions encountered during hard panning processes. No nucleation occurred in unseeded films, while a linear increase in seeded crystals occurred during drying. Crystal growth rate increased with temperature (25–30°C) and with air velocity (2.4–12.5 m/sec), but did not change with varying sucrose concentrations (70–76% w/w) and relative humidities (0–66% at 30°C). FD & C Yellow No. 5 food coloring in the dye form (0.05–0.5 g/100 mL) showed no effects while similar concentrations in the lake form inhibited crystal growth rate.     

材料液滴非均匀形核时的热物理特性

建立了气相下，液滴非均匀形核时的内能，热膨胀系数的有关公式，讨论了液滴胚核热膨胀系数与其它相关物理特性之间的关系。     

结晶原理和冰淇淋中的结晶现象

阐述了结晶原理在冰淇淋凝冻中的应用,详细叙述了结晶的目的和方法,晶核的形成原理,结晶体的成长,多晶现象,以及冰淇淋中的结晶现象.     

微泡聚合物注射成型的研究

以化学发泡法研究了ＡＢＳ微发泡塑料的注射成型，ＡＢＳ微泡材料的配方和工艺条件对微泡材料性能都有影响．结果表明：新型微泡材料在保持原有性能的基础上，可降低原材料用量２０％左右，降低成本１５％左右，且具有质轻、隔音、防震等特点．     

二水硫酸钙晶体生长及添加剂对它的影响(Ⅰ)——二水硫酸钙成核及生长现象的研究

结垢现象在工业生产中普遍存在 ,化学垢处理剂主要通过对结垢离子 (Ca2 + 、CO2 -3 、SO2 -4 等 )引起的晶核形成及晶体生长过程产生影响。硫酸钙是垢中较难处理的成份之一。本文主要研究了过饱和溶液中二水硫酸钙晶体成核及生长现象 ,同时对垢的形成机理进行了探讨 ,针对这方面的研究有助于开发或选择更经济有效的垢处理剂。     

在食品结晶成核中应用超声探讨

总结了超声波应用于蔗糖、味精、谷氨酸、木糖醇等食品结晶的成核过程并分析其作用原理，然后以葡萄糖这种典型的具有同质异晶特性的食品结晶物系为研究对象。研究了超声波用于其中不同异构体成核的条件，最后给出了超声波用于食品结晶成核的一般结论。     

冰核细菌及其在食品工业中的应用

冰核细菌是一类在较低温度(-2.5～-5)℃下具有很强冰核活性的细菌,目前在植物冻害防治、促冻杀虫、人工降雪、食品冷冻浓缩等领域已成为研究热点。本文介绍了冰核细菌的成冰机制和影响因素,以及在食品工业中的应用,井对未来冰核细菌的研究趋势作一展望。