Membrane assisted cooling crystallization: Process model,nucleation, metastable zone,and crystal size distribution

The membrane assisted cooling crystallization was proposed and investigated by the simulation and experiments. The developed process model concerned the supersaturation evolution on the membrane interface, the combined nucleation rate in the crystallizer. The impact of different membrane on reducing the nucleation barrier was investigated by introducing the metastable zone width theory. The influence of membrane distillation conditions on the crystal nucleation and growth kinetic was uncovered based on the simulation and experiments results. The experimental results indicated that membrane assisted cooling mode with optimized profiles did improve the crystal size distribution and crystal habit comparing with conventional cooling mode. Terminal coefficient of variation decreased from 55.4 to 33.9 under similar mean crystal growth rate, 2.27 × 10^?7 m s^?1 (conventional cooling) and 1.98 × 10^?7 m s^?1 (membrane assisted cooling). Finally, the brief summary on the advantages and key issues of this propose membrane assisted crystallization operation were concluded. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 829–841, 2016     

A New Approach to Supertough Poly(lactic acid): A High Temperature Reactive Blending

A novel approach to PLA toughening is proposed in this study. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is toughened using poly(ethylene‐n‐butylene‐acrylate‐co‐glycydyl methacrylate) (EBA‐GMA) as a reactive compatibilizer with the aid of an epoxy‐based chain extender. It is found that the toughening effect of EBA‐GMA in the binary blend investigated is strongly influenced by blending temperature. Blending at high temperatures which are non‐typical for PLA processing (over 250 °C) allows toughness to be increased by an order of magnitude when compared to the toughness of blends prepared at low temperatures (below 200 °C). This effect is attributed to a combination of factors, namely an increasing rate of reactive bonding between PLA and EBA‐GMA at elevated temperatures and enhanced interfacial adhesion between PLA and EBA‐GMA phases. DSC studies show that PLA/EBA‐GMA bonding on the interface acts as an efficient nucleator for PLA. The nucleation ability of the PLA/EBA‐GMA interface strongly depends on blend processing temperature and gradually increases with increasing blending temperature. The PLA/EBA‐GMA interface shows its highest nucleation ability at 250 °C.

     

矿渣微晶玻璃制备新方法

在充分吸收浇注法和烧结法优点的基础上提出一种制备矿渣微品玻璃的新方法.并以钽铌尾矿为主要原料,利用DTA、XRD和SEM等测试方法研究了工艺参数对晶化过程、晶相组成、显微结构的影响.结果表明,采用新方法制备微晶玻璃在试验上是可行的.水淬玻璃加入量和热处理制度的变化会影响玻璃的析晶转变过程和微品玻璃的微观结构.     

成核剂对聚氨酯泡沫成核性能的影响

主要研究了聚氨酯发泡过程中成核剂的添加量、颗粒大小及颗粒的表面状态对气泡成核过程的影响。结果表明:成核剂的加入可有效地促进气泡成核,降低泡孔尺寸;大尺寸颗粒的成核效果要好于小尺寸颗粒;成核剂的颗粒状态对气泡成核的影响不明显。     

Simultaneous recovery and crystallization control of saline organic wastewater by membrane distillation crystallization

Membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) was introduced and investigated for the simultaneous treatment of saline organic wastewater generated from oil extraction, in this article. The developed process model of MDC for the investigated ternary system was validated by the experiments with good agreement. Under the tested feed ethylene glycol (EG) composition and operation conditions, the highly concentrated EG (residual side, recovery ratio > 98.7%), pure water (permeate side, purity > 99%), pure crystals with narrow crystal‐size distribution, and desired morphology were simultaneously manufactured. By this simultaneous recovery of EG and H₂O in the feed flow, the overall separation efficiency was enhanced. The impact factors of the crystal properties during MDC were also revealed by comprehensive analysis. Moreover, the diverse metastable zone width and crystal morphology obtained in different feed EG composition indicated the change of the nucleation barrier and the kinetic crystallization control mechanism. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2187–2197, 2017     

A new approach for determining the critical cooling rates of nucleation in glass‐forming liquids

Crystallization of a liquid below liquidus temperature is a complex process due to simultaneous nucleation and growth of crystals. Nucleation is the crucial initial step of the crystallization process, and affects the glass‐forming ability, especially when there is a large overlap between nucleation and crystal growth versus temperature curves. From the temperature‐time‐transformation (TTT) diagram, one can estimate the critical cooling rate, , of glass‐formation, however this is time‐consuming. In this paper, we establish a simple approach to determine the using calorimetric and viscometric data. Based on the classical nucleation theory, the correlation between the crystallization onset temperature and cooling rate is described by combining two temperature‐dependent functions. The new approach is applicable to a wide range of glass‐forming systems. This work also gives insight into heterogeneous nucleation and glass formation kinetics.     

添加剂对Cu/Co多层膜电结晶成核机理及磁性的影响

在硼酸镀液中以单晶S i(111)为基底用双槽法制备Cu/Co多层膜,在镀液中分别加入了镀铜添加剂2000#和镀钴添加剂5#。探讨了镀层电结晶成核机理,在基础镀液中铜电结晶为三维连续成核过程,钴电结晶在较低电位下为三维连续成核,在较高电位下为三维瞬时成核过程。加入添加剂后,铜、钴电结晶均为三维瞬时成核过程。测试了Cu/Co多层膜的磁性能;添加剂能提高多层膜的磁性能,无添加剂的Cu/Co多层膜的巨磁阻(GMR)值约为5%,而在加入了添加剂后,其GMR值高达52%。     

纳米TiO2流体表面改性及对真空闪蒸制冰的影响

利用电镜扫描法、紫外分光光度法及烘干称重法对纳米TiO₂流体的分散稳定性进行了综合评价,研究了表面活性剂种类及浓度对其分散稳定性的影响。将纳米TiO₂流体引入真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统,研究了纳米TiO₂浓度、表面活性剂浓度及对吸附作用下纳米TiO₂流体真空闪蒸制冰的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂类型对纳米TiO₂流体分散稳定性的影响很大,复合型的分散稳定性最佳,其次是阴离子型;纳米粒子及表面活性剂可以增强真空下纳米TiO₂流体的成核效果,增大含冰率,降低过冷度;表面活性剂浓度是影响真空闪蒸制冰系统压力及闪蒸率的重要因素,系统压力及闪蒸率均随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大;另外,确定了在吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰系统中使用纳米TiO₂流体的最佳条件。在最佳条件下,含冰率为18.35%,过冷度为0.51℃,热导率为0.920W/(m·K),对比蒸馏水有较大改善。吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰可行性较高,制取冰浆效果优良。     

纳米CaCO3合成及原位改性的研究

在旋转填充床反应器中合成了纳米CaCO3悬浮液,利用pH计跟踪Ca(OH)2碳化反应过程,研究了碳化反应过程原理。结果表明：旋转填充床能极大地强化相间传质与微观混合,提高体系中CaCO3的过饱和度,增大其成核及生长速率。加入适当的添加剂对纳米CaCO3进行原位改性;利用TEM照片研究了原位改性过程中纳米CaCO3的成核生长机理,并考察了添加剂的作用机理。