Drop impact and agglomeration under static powder bed conditions

The influence of impact conditions (reported in terms of Weber and Reynolds numbers) on nucleus formation was studied for single drops striking a static glass bead bed. Results from high speed images showed that the nucleation rate is not influenced by liquid physical properties (density, surface tension, viscosity) for drops that spread significantly (30 < We < 233). Results also showed that nucleus size is determined by how much liquid penetrates into the bed during drop spreading, so does depend on surface tension and liquid density. A corresponding analytical model, derived from first principles, predicts nucleus size to with 1.5% using only liquid physical and powder bed properties, plus the experimentally measured drop spreading behavior. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

高分子甲醛吸收剂对聚甲醛的热稳定性能与结构的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）及偏光显微镜（PLM）研究高分子甲醛吸收剂共聚酰胺（COPA）和密胺树脂（MF）对聚甲醛（POM）的热稳定性能与结构的影响。结果表明：两种高分子甲醛吸收剂都能起到结晶成核剂的作用。同时COPA对POM的热稳定性效果优于ME的,但会提高POM的黄色指数,而MF会降低POM的黄色指数。     

Probability distributions of gas hydrate formation

Induction time distributions for gas hydrate formation were measured for gas mixtures of methane + propane at pressures up to 11.3 MPa using a high‐pressure automated lag time apparatus (HP‐ALTA). Measurements were made at subcooling temperatures between 4.3 and 13.5 K and, while isothermal induction times between 0 and 15,000 s were observed, the median isothermal induction times for the distributions ranged from 100 to 4000 s. A hyperbolic relationship between median induction time and subcooling was used to correlate the data. A graphical interpretation is presented that relates the two types of data that can be acquired by using the HP‐ALTA in one of two modes to study hydrate formation: induction time distributions at constant subcooling and formation temperature distributions observed during linear cooling ramps. The equivalence of these two modes provides a robust method for studying the variation of formation phenomena in different hydrate systems. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2640–2646, 2013     

水合物生成诱导期研究进展

水合物生成诱导期是用于表征水合物生成过程的重要参数,其研究对于水合物风险控制和水合物技术应用具有重要意义。本文从研究方法、水合物客体分子类型、研究内容和诱导期分布等4个方面总结回顾了国内外近期开展的水合物生成诱导期研究概况,表明其主要围绕诱导期定性影响因素的分析和诱导期定量表征模型的建立两方面展开。介绍了诱导期的主要定性影响因素及其对诱导期的影响规律,阐述了不同类型诱导期定量表征模型的建立过程及其适用范围。结果说明,目前对于水合物生成诱导期定性影响因素的分析研究系统性不强,需要从微观角度对水合物生成及成核机理本质展开进一步研究,而所建立的诱导期定量表征模型也大都只适用于特定条件下的水合物生成诱导期预测。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation for homogeneous nucleation of metal nanoparticles during vapor phase synthesis

We present a free‐energy driven kinetic Monte Carlo model to simulate homogeneous nucleation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) from vapor phase. The model accounts for monomer‐cluster condensations, cluster–cluster collisions, and cluster evaporations simultaneously. Specifically, we investigate the homogeneous nucleation of Al NPs starting with different initial background temperatures. Our results indicate good agreement with earlier phenomenological studies using the Gibbs# free energy formulation from Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Furthermore, nucleation rates for various clusters are calculated through direct cluster observations. The steady‐state nucleation rate estimated using two different approaches namely, the Yasuoka‐Matsumoto (YM) and mean first passage time (MFPT) methods indicate excellent agreement with each other. Finally, our simulation results depict the expected increase in the entropy of mixing as clusters approach the nucleation barrier, followed by its subsequent drastic loss after the critical cluster formation resulting from first‐order phase transitions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 18–28, 2018     

Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene copolymer by in situ copolymerization with a nucleating agent and/or nano‐calcium carbonate

The crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) copolymer obtained by in situ reactor copolymerization with or without a nucleating agent and/or nano‐CaCO₃ particles was investigated both by thermal analysis and by polarized light microscopy. The Avrami model is successfully used to describe the crystallization kinetics of the studied copolymer. The results of the investigation show that a dramatic decrease of the half‐time of crystallization t_1/2, as well as a significant increase of the overall crystallization rate, are observed in the presence of the nucleating agent. These effects are further promoted in the presence of the nano‐CaCO₃ particles. The incorporation of the nucleating agent and nano‐CaCO₃ particles into PP copolymer remarkably improved the mechanical properties and heat distortion temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 431–438, 2004     

水热生长碱式硫酸镁纳米线结晶动力学研究

以硫酸镁和氢氧化钠为原料,邻苯二甲酸氢钾为络合剂,采用络合-水热法制备了碱式硫酸镁纳米线;采用宏观动力学方法结合微观结构分析,进行碱式硫酸镁结晶机理研究。通过分析Mg浓度与时间的变化关系曲线,建立结晶动力学方程;然后根据晶体缺陷分析碱式硫酸镁纳米线表面成核机制。实验结果表明：碱式硫酸镁纳米线在140和160℃结晶机理为多核控制表面生长;在180和200℃时结晶机理发生了变化,转变为线性控制表面生长;碱式硫酸镁纳米线的晶格中存在着较多的刃型位错与螺型位错,可以促进其表面成核、快速生长。     

Yb3+掺杂YAG微晶玻璃的制备与晶化性能研究

通过对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元相图相关点的探讨,确定Yb3+掺杂的29.5SiO2-30.5CaO-24 Al2O3-12Y2O3-4 Yb2O3-(0～3)ZrO2玻璃系统,采取高温熔融获得母体玻璃。用DTA和梯温法测定母体玻璃的析晶行为并确定热处理制度。采取XRD,TEM分析热处理后的样品。结果表明,选择的玻璃成分均可得到Yb3+掺杂YAG透明微晶玻璃,含3 mol%ZrO2更有利于得到晶体颗粒的形貌和大小基本一致、分散均匀、尺寸约33 nm的Yb3+掺杂YAG透明微晶玻璃。     

Effects of novel self-inoculation method on microstructure of AM60 alloy

A novel cast processing method,self-inoculation method (SIM),was proposed.The process involves the addition of self-inoculant to melt,then pouring the melt to a mould through a multi-stream mixing cooling channel.In this paper,the process parameters were investigated.Results indicate that the melt treatment temperature,the amount of self-inoculant added,and the slope angle of the cooling channel are the key factors for SIM process.The optimized parameters are that the melt treatment temperature is between 680 and 700°C;the addition of self-inoculant is between 5wt.% and 7wt.%;and the slope angle of the cooling channel is between 30° and 45°.Further analysis reveals that SIM changes the solidification microstructure of slurry by controlling the nucleation and growth of the primary phase in the melt.     

考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸组织实验及模拟研究

针对镁合金压铸件表层晶粒细小均匀而心部晶粒较粗大且不均匀的特点,开展一系列压铸实验,研究镁合金压铸工艺对压室预结晶和压铸件最终凝固组织(特别是对晶粒大小、压室预结晶组织的含量及分布形态)的影响.采用数值模拟方法,以压铸实验统计数据为基础,建立了考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸形核模型,以此模拟更接近实际的压铸组织.应用所建立的形核及生长模型,模拟了不同压铸工艺下AM50镁合金阶梯压铸件的凝固组织,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.