基于微加速度传感器的无线鼠标的设计

研究基于微加速度传感器的无线鼠标的设计,讨论了MEMS无线鼠标的软件、硬件设计和系统组成,给出了M atlab环境下系统的模型和算法。模拟结果说明:无线鼠标的设计是合理可行的,提出的二次积分近似算法是简捷有效的。     

A Comprehensive Review of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Prader-Willi Syndrome Research

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic multifactorial disorder caused by the deletion or inactivation of paternally imprinted genes on human chromosome 15q11-q13. The affected homologous locus is on mouse chromosome 7C. The positional conservation and organization of genes including the imprinting pattern between mice and men implies similar physiological functions of this locus. Therefore, considerable efforts to recreate the pathogenesis of PWS have been accomplished in mouse models. We provide a summary of different mouse models that were generated for the analysis of PWS and discuss their impact on our current understanding of corresponding genes, their putative functions and the pathogenesis of PWS. Murine models of PWS unveiled the contribution of each affected gene to this multi-facetted disease, and also enabled the establishment of the minimal critical genomic region (PWScr) responsible for core symptoms, highlighting the importance of non-protein coding genes in the PWS locus. Although the underlying disease-causing mechanisms of PWS remain widely unresolved and existing mouse models do not fully capture the entire spectrum of the human PWS disorder, continuous improvements of genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be very powerful and valuable tools in PWS research.     

The House Mouse (Mus musculus L.) Exerts Strong Differential Grain Consumption Preferences among Hard Red and White Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in a Single‐Elimination Tournament Design

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a central role in the health and nutrition of humans. Yet, little is known about possible flavor differences among different varieties. We have developed a model system using the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) to determine feeding preferences as a prelude to extending results to human sensory analysis. Here, we examine the application of a single‐elimination tournament design to the analysis of consumption preferences of a set of hard red and hard white spring wheat varieties. A single‐elimination tournament design in this case pairs 2 wheat varieties and only 1 of the 2 is advanced to further tests. Preferred varieties were advanced until an overall “winner” was identified; conversely, less desirable varieties were advanced such that an overall “loser” was identified. Hollis and IDO702 were the winner and loser, respectively, for the hard red varieties, and Clear White 515 and WA8123 were the winner and loser, respectively, for the hard white varieties. When using the more powerful protocol of 14 mice and a 4?d trial, differences in mean daily consumption preferences of 2 varieties were separated at P‐values as small as 2 × 10^?8. The single‐elimination tournament design is an efficient means of identifying the most and least desirable varieties among a larger set of samples. One application for identifying the 2 extremes in preference within a group of varieties would be to use them as parents of a population to identify quantitative trait loci for preference.     

枸杞多糖对顺铂诱导小鼠睾丸支持细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究枸杞多糖（lycium barbarum polysaccharides, LBP）对顺铂（cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum, CDDP）诱导小鼠睾丸支持细胞（TM4）凋亡的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法：体外培养TM4细胞,四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测LBP对CDDP诱导TM4细胞生存率的影响,Western blot检测LBP对CDDP诱导TM4细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化。结果：与Control组相比,CDDP组TM4细胞凋亡显著增加,细胞内抑凋亡基因Bcl-2表达量显著降低,促凋亡基因Bax表达量及Caspase-3表达量显著升高;与CDDP组相比,CDDP+LBP组TM4细胞凋亡显著减少,细胞内抑凋亡基因Bcl-2表达量显著升高,促凋亡基因Bax表达量及Caspase-3表达量显著降低。 结论：LBP作用于CDDP诱导的TM4细胞,能够通过增强细胞内Bcl-2的表达,抑制Bax及Caspase-3的表达来阻抑因CDDP诱导的TM4细胞凋亡,进而减轻CDDP对TM4细胞造成的损伤。     

One Mouse per Child: interpersonal computer for individual arithmetic practice

Single Display Groupware (SDG) allows multiple people in the same physical space to interact simultaneously over a single communal display through individual input devices that work on the same machine. The aim of this paper is to show how SDG can be used to improve the way resources are used in schools, allowing students to work simultaneously on individual problems at a shared display, and achieve personalized learning with individual feedback within different cultural contexts. We used computational fluency to apply our concept of ‘One Mouse per Child’. It consists of a participatory approach that makes use of personal feedback on an interpersonal computer for the whole classroom. This allows for N simultaneous intelligent tutoring systems, where each child advances at his or her own pace, both within a lecture and throughout the curricular units. Each student must solve a series of mathematical exercises, generated according to his or her performance through a set of pedagogical rules incorporated into the system. In this process, the teacher has an active mediating role, intervening when students require attention. Two exploratory studies were performed. The first study was a multicultural experience between two such distanced socio‐economic realities as Chile and India. It showed us that even in different environmental conditions, it is possible to implement this technology with minimal equipment (i.e. a computer, a projector, and one mouse per child). The second study was carried out in a third grade class in a low‐income school in Santiago de Chile. The students were asked to solve mainly addition exercises. We established statistically relevant results and observed that the software proved most beneficial for the students with the lowest initial results. This happens because the system adapts to the students' needs, reinforcing the content they most need to work on, thus generating a personalized learning process.     

Interval timing accuracy and scalar timing in C57BL/6 mice.

In many species, interval timing behavior is accurate—appropriate estimated durations—and scalar—errors vary linearly with estimated durations. Whereas accuracy has been previously examined, scalar timing has not been clearly demonstrated in house mice (Mus musculus), raising concerns about mouse models of human disease. The authors estimated timing accuracy and precision in C57BL/6 mice, the most used background strain for genetic models of human disease, in a peak-interval procedure with multiple intervals. Both when timing 2 intervals (Experiment 1) or 3 intervals (Experiment 2), C57BL/6 mice demonstrated varying degrees of timing accuracy. An important finding was that, both at the individual and group levels, their precision varied linearly with the subjective estimated duration. Further evidence for scalar timing was obtained using an intraclass correlation statistic. This is the first report of consistent, reliable scalar timing in a sizable sample of house mice, thus validating the peak-interval procedure as a valuable technique, the intraclass correlation statistic as a powerful test of the scalar property, and the C57BL/6 strain as a suitable background for behavioral investigations of genetically engineered mice modeling disorders of interval timing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of loud noise exposure on mouse myocardium: a comparison with the rat

Loud noise is an environmental stressor of everyday life, which affects different organs and apparati, in particular the cardiovascular system. We have already reported that noise exposure produces significant alterations in the rat myocardium, consisting of mitochondrial damage, which is evident as lysis of the cristae and dilution of the matrix. Since there are high similarities between mouse and human species, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of acute noise exposure on the mouse heart. We found that noise exposure affects mouse myocardium at similar subcellular sites to those already described in the rat; nonetheless, quantitative analysis of the percentage of altered mitochondria in both species disclosed a clear difference between mouse and rat myocardium, which strongly suggests a different sensitivity to noise stimulus. We hypothesize that the species differences on the extent of myocardial alterations here observed might be due to the zonal pattern of cardiac noradrenergic receptors, which should be the final effectors for noise-induced myocardial changes.     

Why are eye mice unpopular? A detailed comparison of head and eye controlled assistive technology pointing devices

This paper examines and compares the usability problems associated with eye-based and head-based assistive technology pointing devices when used for direct manipulation on a standard graphical user interface. It discusses and examines the pros and cons of eye-based pointing in comparison to the established assistive technology technique of head-based pointing and illustrates the usability factors responsible for the apparent low usage or unpopularity of eye-based pointing. It shows that user experience and target size on the interface are the predominant factors affecting eye-based pointing and suggests that these could be overcome to enable eye-based pointing to be a viable and available direct manipulation interaction technique for the motor-disabled community.     

鼠笼破碎机的设计与改进

分析原鼠笼破碎机在设计上和生产中存在的问题，通过观察与计算，找出原因并提出改造措施。根据扩产要求，对鼠笼破碎机的结构和各项技术指标进行设计分析，指出影响鼠笼破碎机产能的主要因素，总结出鼠笼破碎机产能的估算公式。     

用Visual Basic语言实现模拟绘图功能

本文介绍在Visual Basic语言编程环境中,利用鼠标mousedown、mousemove和mouseup事件,建立一个可供写字或绘图的窗口,将其编译成在桌面上可执行的文件,代替教学用粉笔写字或绘图.