Induction of Detoxification Enzymes by Feeding Unblanched Brussels Sprouts Containing Active Myrosinase to Mice for 2 Wk

Abstract: In cruciferous vegetables, myrosinase metabolizes the relatively inactive glucosinolates into isothiocyanates and other products that have the ability to increase detoxification enzyme expression. Thus, maintaining myrosinase activity during food preparation may be critical to receiving the maximum benefit of consumption of Brussels sprouts or other cruciferous vegetables. To test the importance of maintaining myrosinase activity for maximizing bioactivity, experimental diets containing 20% unblanched (active myrosinase) or 20% blanched (inactivated myrosinase) freeze-dried Brussels sprouts and a nutrient-matched control diet were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to induce detoxification enzymes. Treatment of immortalized HepG2 human hepatoma cells with the unblanched Brussels sprout diet caused a greater increase quinone activity compared to the blanched Brussels sprout diet. C3H/HeJ mice fed the unblanched Brussels sprout diets for 2 wk had significantly higher plasma sulforaphane concentrations. Liver expression of CYP1A1 and epoxide hydrolase, measured using real-time PCR, was correlated with the plasma concentration of sulforaphane. In the lung, expression of epoxide hydrolase, thioredoxin reductase, UDP glucuronosyltransferase, quinone reductase, heme oxygenase, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 were also correlated with the plasma concentration of sulforaphane. Together these data demonstrate that, as predicted by the in vitro experiment, in vivo exposure to Brussels sprouts with active myrosinase resulted in greater induction of both phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes in the liver and the lungs that correlated with plasma sulforaphane concentrations.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原联合rmIL-12诱导的小鼠细胞免疫应答

目的探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)联合重组鼠白介素-12(rmIL-12)对免疫小鼠诱导细胞免疫应答的影响。方法以不同给药方式、不同剂量的HBsAg联合rmIL-12免疫C57BL/6J小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠血清及脾淋巴细胞中IFNγ及IL-4的水平。结果HBsAg+rmIL-12高剂量组免疫的C57BL/6J小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞IFNγ水平明显高于BALB/c小鼠;3种不同给药方式均可诱导C57BL/6J小鼠血清和脾细胞IFNγ水平明显升高,三者之间差异无统计学意义;HBsAg+rmIL-12高、中、低剂量组免疫C57BL/6J小鼠血清可诱导IFNγ水平明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性,脾细胞IFNγ水平在中、低剂量组均未产生效应,高剂量组明显升高,而对IL-4无明显影响。结论rmIL-12可显著增强HBsAg诱导的细胞免疫应答,并使免疫应答转向Th1型,对于发展治疗性乙肝疫苗具有潜在的应用价值。     

固定化转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因聚球藻去除重金属的研究

利用海藻酸钠/CaCl2凝胶包埋法固定转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ(mMT-Ⅰ)基因聚球藻7002及其野生宿主藻,就固定化藻的生长、对重金属的耐受性及其去除重金属的性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,固定化藻细胞比游离藻细胞生长较慢,培养周期较长,且最大细胞浓度偏低,但固定化可有效提高藻细胞对重金属的耐受性。固定化转mMT-Ⅰ聚球藻对Pb,Cd和Hg的耐受系数(以每单位的细胞吸光值OD750计)分别为6.077,0.610,1.093 mmol/L,而固定化野生聚球藻对于Pb,Cd和Hg的耐受系数分别为1.981,0.170,0.091 mmol/L;固定化转mMT-I聚球藻对重金属的去除效能明显优于游离藻:经3 d的处理,固定化转MT藻对Pb,Cd,Hg的去除率分别为88.09%,81.23%,91.45%,而固定化野生藻在相同的条件下则分别为77.3%,73.47%,85.44%。     

Lipid Metabolism Is Dysregulated before,during and after Pregnancy in a Mouse Model of Gestational Diabetes

The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that maternal lipid metabolism was modulated during normal pregnancy and that these modulations are altered in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We tested this hypothesis using an established mouse model of diet-induced obesity with pregnancy-associated loss of glucose tolerance and a novel lipid analysis tool, Lipid Traffic Analysis, that uses the temporal distribution of lipids to identify differences in the control of lipid metabolism through a time course. Our results suggest that the start of pregnancy is associated with several changes in lipid metabolism, including fewer variables associated with de novo lipogenesis and fewer PUFA-containing lipids in the circulation. Several of the changes in lipid metabolism in healthy pregnancies were less apparent or occurred later in dams who developed GDM. Some changes in maternal lipid metabolism in the obese-GDM group were so late as to only occur as the control dams’ systems began to switch back towards the non-pregnant state. These results demonstrate that lipid metabolism is modulated in healthy pregnancy and the timing of these changes is altered in GDM pregnancies. These findings raise important questions about how lipid metabolism contributes to changes in metabolism during healthy pregnancies. Furthermore, as alterations in the lipidome are present before the loss of glucose tolerance, they could contribute to the development of GDM mechanistically.     

Design and Implementation of a Multimodal Input Device Using a Web Camera

We propose a novel input pointing device called the multimodal mouse (MM) which uses two modalities: face recognition and speech recognition. From an analysis of Microsoft Office workloads, we find that 80% of Microsoft Office Specialist test tasks are compound tasks using both the keyboard and the mouse together. When we use the optical mouse (OM), operation is quick, but it requires a hand exchange delay between the keyboard and the mouse. This takes up a significant amount of the total execution time. The MM operates more slowly than the OM, but it does not consume any hand exchange time. As a result, the MM shows better performance than the OM in many cases.     

泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚抗疲劳作用研究

研究泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚对小鼠抗疲劳作用。200只昆明种雄性小白鼠预饲1w后,随机分为十组,其中实验组为6、10、14日龄的鸡胚分别设4.8、2.4、1.2g/kg·d三个剂量组给小鼠灌胃,对照组灌胃生理盐水,0.4ml/只,连续30d后,测定小白鼠负重游泳时间、肝糖原(HG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血乳酸(LD)等指标。结果显示鸡胚能够延长小鼠游泳时间,提高运动后LDH活力及HG的储备量;降低血LD和BUN的含量,提高小鼠运动耐力。10日龄鸡胚功效较好,表明泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚具有增强机体抗疲劳能力。     

鸸鹋蛋壳粉对应激小鼠性功能和幼龄小鼠精子活性的影响

目的:观察国产鸸鹋蛋壳粉对应激小鼠性功能及幼龄小鼠精子活性的影响.方法:以重复电刺激复制应激小鼠性行为障碍模型,观察雄性小鼠的交配能力.给正常幼龄雄性小鼠连续服药21d后检测其精子密度和精子活动率.结果:鸸鹋蛋壳粉对电刺激应激诱发的雄性小鼠性功能障碍有促进恢复作用,能增加交配次数,缩短交配潜伏时间,并能提高未成年雄性小鼠的精子活动率.结论:国产鸸鹋蛋壳粉具有增强雄性小鼠性功能,提高小鼠精子活性的作用.     

沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性

本实验在体外应用脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞建立炎症模型的基础上,探讨沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性。应用CCK-8法检测0、50、100、200、400、800 μg/mL沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增殖活力的影响;将细胞分为空白对照组、LPS应激模型组及不同质量浓度沙葱总黄酮水洗组分预处理组,采用Griess法及酶联免疫吸附测定法分别测定各处理组细胞上清液中NO浓度和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-10的质量浓度,反转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测各处理组细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、髓样分化蛋白（myeloid differential protein,MyD）88、核因子 κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）mRNA的表达水平。结果显示：与对照组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分在50～800 μg/mL时对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无明显细胞毒性作用。与LPS应激模型组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分能够极显著抑制促炎介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6质量浓度及其mRNA的表达（P＜0.01或P＜0.001）;高度显著提高抗炎细胞因子IL-10质量浓度及其mRNA的表达（P＜0.001）,且呈剂量依赖效应;极显著降低MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达水平（P＜0.01或P＜0.001）。由此得出,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞具有抗炎作用,其抗炎活性可能是通过抑制促炎性介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的分泌并提高抗炎性细胞因子IL-10的质量浓度实现的,其作用机制可能与NF-κB信号通路有关。