逆向工程在鼠标外壳快速设计与制造中的应用

采用自定位手持式扫描仪完成鼠标外壳的点云数据获取,在Imageware12软件中对点云数据进行三维重建获取缝合曲面,导入Pro/E中实现实体化.利用快速成型机实现鼠标外壳快速制造,利用硅胶注型机完成其硅胶模具的快速制作,总结工艺参数及影响因素.此技术显著降低了鼠标外壳的设计周期与成本,对相关产品的创新设计具有较好的借鉴意义.     

High accuracy 4D cell tracking into explanted skin using two‐photon excitation microscopy

Two‐photon excitation microscopy (2PEM) analysis of large explanted organs is still laborious, principally because of tissue movements inducing lateral and axial drifts during extended imaging sessions. Here, we describe a two‐step approach to track motile T cells in murine dorsal explanted skin with the best accuracy. First, we compared various explanted skin mounting methods for 2PEM analysis to define the setup allowing for minimal sample drift over time. Second, we developed two algorithms with the ImageJ software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) to correct the residual drift using lateral and axial registration of the collagen network. Finally, we applied the macro we developed to track fluorescent T cells in explanted skin. We found that our newly developed macro is more efficient than freely or commercially available software for shift correction, leading to more accurate velocity calculations. Our work provides a practical guide for investigators interested to employ skin‐imaging approaches and offers a free alternative to commercial software for correcting lateral and axial drifts. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:294–301, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Differences between Mice and Humans in Regulation and the Molecular Network of Collagen,Type III,Alpha-1 at the Gene Expression Level: Obstacles that Translational Research Must Overcome

Collagen, type III, alpha-1 (COL3A1) is essential for normal collagen I fibrillogenesis in many organs. There are differences in phenotypes of mutations in the COL3A1 gene in humans and mutations in mice. In order to investigate whether the regulation and gene network of COL3A1 is the same in healthy populations of mice and humans, we compared the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate the expression level of COL3A1 and the gene network of COL3A1 pathways between humans and mice using whole genome expression profiles. Our results showed that, for the regulation of expression of Col3a1 in mice, an eQTL on chromosome (Chr) 12 regulates the expression of Col3a1. However, expression of genes in the syntenic region on human Chr 7 has no association with the expression level of COL3A1. For the gene network comparison, we identified 44 top genes whose expression levels are strongly associated with that of Col3a1 in mice. We next identified 41 genes strongly associated with the expression level of COL3A1 in humans. There are a few but significant differences in the COL3A1 gene network between humans and mice. Several genes showed opposite association with expression of COL3A1. These genes are known to play important roles in development and function of the extracellular matrix of the lung. Difference in the molecular pathway of key genes in the COL3A1 gene network in humans and mice suggest caution should be used in extrapolating results from models of human lung diseases in mice to clinical lung diseases in humans. These differences may influence the efficacy of drugs in humans whose development employed mouse models.     

Efficient expression, purification and characterization of mouse salivary alpha-amylase secreted from methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris

We constructed a secretion vector of mouse salivary alpha-amylase, pPAM, using the AOX1 promoter-terminator and the secretion signal of 128 kDa pGKL killer protein, for an alternative yeast, Pichia pastoris. Taking advantage of multicopy insertion of the expression cassette and optimized growth conditions, we succeeded in highly efficient extracellular production (approximately 240 microg/ml) of mouse alpha-amylase in the 10 ml scale by conventional flask culture: this efficiency was about 90-fold higher than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth temperature of cells was critical for efficient production of alpha-amylase. P. pastoris transformants secreted both core-glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylase molecules with a glycosylated:non-glycosylated ratio of about 20:80. Both glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylases were purified separately to apparent homogeneity. The signal sequence was correctly processed in both species, and the molecular masses of glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylase were determined to be 58 600 and 56 300, respectively, by mass spectrometry. We further studied the outer chain glycosylation of engineered mouse alpha-amylase secreted by P. pastoris.     

基于FPGA的电子画图板设计

随着信息技术的不断发展,数据采集技术已成为重要的现代化工具,并且其应用范围在不断扩大,在通信、雷达、医疗、遥测遥感等领域得到了广泛的应用。主要利用FPGA对鼠标的坐标信号进行采集,加上相关算法,实现了实时在液晶显示器上显示鼠标移动轨迹的效果。     

Synergistic Activity of Ketoconazole and Miconazole with Prochloraz in Inducing Oxidative Stress,GSH Depletion,Mitochondrial Dysfunction,and Apoptosis in Mouse Sertoli TM4 Cells

Triazole and imidazole fungicides represent an emerging class of pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. Concerning mammalian reproduction, a possible causative role of antifungal compounds in inducing toxicity has been reported, although currently, there is little evidence about potential cooperative toxic effects. Toxicant-induced oxidative stress (OS) may be an important mechanism potentially involved in male reproductive dysfunction. Thus, to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of azoles on male reproduction, the individual and combined potential of fluconazole (FCZ), prochloraz (PCZ), miconazole (MCZ), and ketoconazole (KCZ) in triggering in vitro toxicity, redox status alterations, and OS in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells (SCs) was investigated. In the present study, we demonstrate that KCZ and MCZ, alone or in synergistic combination with PCZ, strongly impair SC functions, and this event is, at least in part, ascribed to OS. In particular, azoles-induced cytotoxicity is associated with growth inhibitory effects, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, imbalance of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits ROS accumulation and rescues SCs from azole-induced apoptosis. PCZ alone exhibits only cytostatic and pro-oxidant properties, while FCZ, either individually or in combination, shows no cytotoxic effects up to 320 µM.     

Empagliflozin Treatment Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting White Adipose Expansion in Obese TallyHo Mice

Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) serve to reabsorb glucose in the kidney. Recently, these transporters, mainly SGLT2, have emerged as new therapeutic targets for patients with diabetes and kidney disease; by inhibiting glucose reabsorption, they promote glycosuria, weight loss, and improve glucose tolerance. They have also been linked to cardiac protection and mitigation of liver injury. However, to date, the mechanism(s) by which SGLT2 inhibition promotes systemic improvements is not fully appreciated. Using an obese TallyHo mouse model which recapitulates the human condition of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we sought to determine how modulation of renal glucose handling impacts liver structure and function. Apart from an attenuation of hyperglycemia, Empagliflozin was found to decrease circulating triglycerides and lipid accumulation in the liver in male TallyHo mice. This correlated with lowered hepatic cholesterol esters. Using in vivo MRI analysis, we further determined that the reduction in hepatic steatosis in male TallyHo mice was associated with an increase in nuchal white fat indicative of “healthy adipose expansion”. Notably, this whitening of the adipose came at the expense of brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these data indicate that the modulation of renal glucose handling has systemic effects and may be useful as a treatment option for NAFLD and steatohepatitis.     

MousePath: Lightweight phone-to-web information sharing via mouse interface

This paper proposes MousePath, a novel lightweight communication system between PC web pages and smartphones. MousePath works in two modalities, MousePath-OPT and MousePath-BL. MousePath-OPT works by putting the optical mouse on top of the smartphone’s screen, then its transmission starts and instantly finishes without association and pairing fraction. It encodes data into the movement of the smartphone’s display content and leverages the optical mouse of the computer to sense the movement for decoding the data. MousePath-BL works by emulating the smartphone as a Bluetooth wireless mouse. Then the smartphone can directly transmit information to the web page via generating mouse events. We prototype and evaluate the system with commercial computers and smartphones. A key benefit of MousePath is that it seamlessly bridges smartphones to co-located PC web applications. MousePath-OPT is more secure and convenient to use while MousePath-BL achieves higher throughput. Two representative web applications, i.e., sensor sharing and message sharing, are developed to demonstrate MousePath’s potential in enhancing PC web applications.