新型光敏剂BF01光动力治疗人肝癌的实验研究

探讨光敏剂BF01光动力对人肝癌细胞株bel- 7402体外杀伤效应和体内抑瘤效 应及其作用机制。CCK-8法检测同一激光强度不同给药浓度的(0、0.8、3.2 μmol·L－1)BF01光动力(激光剂量2.4 J/cm²,光照时间 :1min/well,激光波长652 nm)处 理下对bel-7402细胞的抑制率和IC50,流式 细 胞术检测bel-7402细胞死亡方式,DAPI染色 观察细胞凋亡特征,光动力后检测bel-7402活性氧、共聚焦显微镜 观察亚细胞定位,建立 裸鼠人肝癌细胞模型,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,观察治疗效果。BF01-PDT治疗组能明显 抑制bel-7402肿瘤细胞增殖,BF01的浓度为6.4 μmol·L－1时,其杀伤率到86%,半数杀伤 浓度IC50 μmol·L－1,检测细 胞死亡方式主要是以晚期凋亡为主,BF01-PDT作用 bel-7402细胞后,经DAPI染色细胞核的形态呈现出凋亡的特征,活 性氧水平随给药浓度 增加而增加,亚细胞定位在线粒体,体内实验表明BF01-PDT可以明显抑制人肝癌肿瘤生长 。光敏剂BF01介导的光动力疗法对人肝癌细胞及小鼠体内肿瘤生长抑制作用明显,光 动力疗法以细胞凋亡为主,其机制可能与光敏剂BF01定位在肿瘤细胞的线粒体,增加 bel-7402细胞中ROS含量有关。     

真实感虚拟人头发动态仿真研究

针对头发的不可伸展性和数量过大造成的头发仿真时性能低效、真实感不高问题,提出一种新的头发动态仿真方法。该方法首先利用弹簧模型对单根头发进行建模,然后采用DFTL(Dynamic Follow The Leader)算法进行变形计算,并基于FTL(Static Follow The Leader)算法对头发进行快速插值,最后运用Deep Opacity Mapping技术对头发进行渲染,增强虚拟人头发的真实感。同时,对头发与头部模型、头发与头发进行碰撞检测与响应。实验结果表明,该方法生成的头发逼真自然,而且在大量渲染时保持了较高的稳定性。     

黄腐酸对小鼠肝酶活性的影响

观察小鼠饲料添加黄腐酸饲养19周后肝酶组织的化学变化。结果显示:试验组与对照组相比,肝细胞内琥珀酸脱氢酶、单胺氧化酶和肝巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶的活性均有不同程度的增强。表明黄腐酸在促进肝细胞的物质代谢和增强肝生物转化功能等方面有一定的作用。     

Quantitative DNA measurements in an instrument combining scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

An instrument for combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to which a photometer unit is attached is described. A special stage in the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope incorporates light microscope optics (objective and condenser) designed for transmission and epi-illumination fluorescence LM. An optical bridge connects these optics to a light microscope, without objective and condenser. The possibility of performing quantitative DNA measurements in this combined microscope (the LM/SEM) was tested using preparations of either chicken erythrocytes, human lymphocytes, or mouse liver cells. The cells were fixed, brought on a cover-glass, quantitatively stained for DNA, dehydrated, and critical point dried (CPD). After mounting the cells were coated with gold. The specimens were brought into the vacuum chamber of the combined microscope and individual cells were studied with SEM and LM. Simultaneously DNA measurements were performed by means of the photometer unit attached to the microscope. It is shown in this study that DNA measurements of cells in the combined microscope give similar results when compared to DNA measurements of embedded cells performed with a conventional fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, it is shown that although the gold layer covering the LM/SEM specimens weakens the fluorescence signal, it does not interfere with the DNA measurements.     

Three-dimensional motion tracking for high-resolution optical microscopy, in vivo

When conducting optical imaging experiments, in vivo, the signal to noise ratio and effective spatial and temporal resolution is fundamentally limited by physiological motion of the tissue. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking scheme, using a multiphoton excitation microscope with a resonant galvanometer, (512 × 512 pixels at 33 frames s(-1)) is described to overcome physiological motion, in vivo. The use of commercially available graphical processing units permitted the rapid 3D cross-correlation of sequential volumes to detect displacements and adjust tissue position to track motions in near real-time. Motion phantom tests maintained micron resolution with displacement velocities of up to 200 μm min(-1), well within the drift observed in many biological tissues under physiologically relevant conditions. In vivo experiments on mouse skeletal muscle using the capillary vasculature with luminal dye as a displacement reference revealed an effective and robust method of tracking tissue motion to enable (1) signal averaging over time without compromising resolution, and (2) tracking of cellular regions during a physiological perturbation.     

Stimulus quality affects expression of the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in mice.

The relationship between stimulus intensity and startle response magnitude (SIRM) can assess the startle reflex and prepulse inhibition (PPI) with advantages over more commonly used methods. The current study used the SIRM relationships in mice to determine differences between white noise and pure tone (5 kHz) stimuli. Similarly to rats, the SIRM relationship showed a sigmoid pattern. The SIRM-derived reflex capacity (RMAX) and response efficacy (slope) of the white noise and pure tone stimuli in the absence of prepulses were equivalent. However, the pure tone startle response threshold (DMIN) was increased whereas the stimulus potency (1/ES??) was decreased when compared to white noise. Prepulses of both stimulus types inhibited RMAX and increased DMIN, but the white noise prepulses were more effective. Both stimulus intensity gating and motor capacity gating processes are shown to occur, dependent on prepulse intensity and stimulus onset asynchrony. Prepulse intensities greater than 10 dB below the startle threshold appear to produce PPI via stimulus intensity gating, whereas a motor capacity gating component appears at prepulse intensities near to the startle threshold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characterization and Comparison of Major Urinary Proteins from the House Mouse, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Mus musculus domesticus</Emphasis>, and the Aboriginal Mouse, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Mus macedonicus</Emphasis>

Urine from the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, contains a high concentration of major urinary proteins (MUPs), which convey olfactory information between conspecifics. In wild populations, each individual expresses a different pattern of around 8 to 14 electrophoretically separable MUP isoforms. To examine whether other Mus species express MUPs and exhibit a similar level of individual heterogeneity, we characterized urinary proteins in urine samples from an aboriginal species, Mus macedonicus, captured from different sites in Turkey. Anion exchange chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that M. macedonicus urine contained a single major peak of mass 18,742 Da, and in contrast to M. m. domesticus, all individuals were the same. The M. macedonicus masses were not predicted from any known MUP gene sequence. Endoproteinase Lys-C (Lys-C) digestion of the purified M. macedonicus urinary protein followed by matrix assisted laser desorption time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry demonstrated that it shared considerable, but not complete, sequence homogeneity with M. m. domesticus MUPs. Three M. macedonicus Lys-C peptides differed in mass from their M. m. domesticus counterparts. These three peptides were further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. The complete sequences of two were determined, and in conjunction with methyl esterification, the amino acid composition of the third was inferred, and the sequence narrowed down to three permutations. The complete M. macedonicus sequence contained a maximum of seven amino acid substitutions, discernible by tandem mass spectrometry, relative to a reference M. m. domesticus sequence. Six of these were on the surface of the molecule. Molecular modeling of the M. macedonicus sequence demonstrated that the amino acid substitutions had little effect on the tertiary structure. The differences in the level of heterogeneity between the two species are discussed in relation to their environment and behavior. In addition, the differences in protein structure allow speculation into molecular mechanisms of MUP function.     

Early Changes in Exo- and Endocytosis in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Correlate with Decreased Synaptic Ribbon Size and Reduced Ribbon-Associated Vesicle Pools in Rod Photoreceptor Synapses

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that finally leads to demyelination. Demyelinating optic neuritis is a frequent symptom in MS. Recent studies also revealed synapse dysfunctions in MS patients and MS mouse models. We previously reported alterations of photoreceptor ribbon synapses in the experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. In the present study, we found that the previously observed decreased imunosignals of photoreceptor ribbons in early EAE resulted from a decrease in synaptic ribbon size, whereas the number/density of ribbons in photoreceptor synapses remained unchanged. Smaller photoreceptor ribbons are associated with fewer docked and ribbon-associated vesicles. At a functional level, depolarization-evoked exocytosis as monitored by optical recording was diminished even as early as on day 7 after EAE induction. Moreover compensatory, post-depolarization endocytosis was decreased. Decreased post-depolarization endocytosis in early EAE correlated with diminished synaptic enrichment of dynamin3. In contrast, basal endocytosis in photoreceptor synapses of resting non-depolarized retinal slices was increased in early EAE. Increased basal endocytosis correlated with increased de-phosphorylation of dynamin1. Thus, multiple endocytic pathways in photoreceptor synapse are differentially affected in early EAE and likely contribute to the observed synapse pathology in early EAE.     

Human CD22-Transgenic,Primary Murine Lymphoma Challenges Immunotherapies in Organ-Specific Tumor Microenvironments

Targeted immunotherapies have greatly changed treatment of patients with B cell malignancies. To further enhance immunotherapies, research increasingly focuses on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which differs considerably by organ site. However, immunocompetent mouse models of disease to study immunotherapies targeting human molecules within organ-specific TME are surprisingly rare. We developed a myc-driven, primary murine lymphoma model expressing a human-mouse chimeric CD22 (h/mCD22). Stable engraftment of three distinct h/mCD22⁺ lymphoma was established after subcutaneous and systemic injection. However, only systemic lymphoma showed immune infiltration that reflected human disease. In this model, myeloid cells supported lymphoma growth and showed a phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The human CD22-targeted immunotoxin Moxetumomab was highly active against h/mCD22⁺ lymphoma and similarly reduced infiltration of bone marrow and spleen of all three models up to 90-fold while efficacy against lymphoma in lymph nodes varied substantially, highlighting relevance of organ-specific TME. As in human aggressive lymphoma, anti-PD-L1 as monotherapy was not efficient. However, anti-PD-L1 enhanced efficacy of Moxetumomab suggesting potential for future clinical application. The novel model system of h/mCD22⁺ lymphoma provides a unique platform to test targeted immunotherapies and may be amenable for other human B cell targets such as CD19 and CD20.     

牛黄千金散对中枢的抑制作用

目的 探讨牛黄千金散对中枢的抑制作用。方法 给小白鼠灌胃牛黄千金散, 分别采用苯甲酸钠咖啡因和电刺激引起惊厥, 观察牛黄千金散的对抗作用;加用戊巴比妥钠给小白鼠灌胃, 药后15 min 内观察翻正反射消失作为催眠指标;加用可待因给小白鼠灌胃, 用扭体法观察小白鼠的镇痛作用;牛黄千金散小白鼠灌胃, 用抖笼法观察对小白鼠自发活动的影响。结果 牛黄千金散对药物和电刺激引起的惊厥均有对抗作用, 并能加强戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用;加强可待因的镇痛作用;对小白鼠自发活动也有一定的抑制作用, 与生理盐水对照组比较有非常显著的差异(P<0.01)。结论 牛黄千金散有明显的中枢抑制作用。