有机溶剂分离膜结构和膜材料设计理论研究

综述现存有机溶剂分离膜的不同结构特点，分析膜结构对溶剂渗透性能的影响．围绕溶剂渗透过程的溶解-扩散机理模型，重点阐述预测溶解性的溶液热力学理论和计算扩散系数的自由体积理论，强调化工热力学理论对新型溶剂分离膜开发的指导作用．在此基础上，提出膜材料和膜结构相互协调，利用物性推算法进行有机溶剂分离膜材料设计的思想．     

KMnO4药剂与紫外光联用去除难降解有机污染物的研究

对高锰酸钾药剂处理难降解有机污染物的可行性进行了研究结果表明高锰酸钾不仅能用于微污染物的处理，同样也可用于难降解有机污染物的处理高锰酸钾药剂与紫外光联用深度处理垃圾渗滤液，具有优良的除污染效能．CODcr去除率达80％，UV335退色率达95％以上．还具有很好的灭菌作用．是一种高效、经济的除污染技术．在垃圾渗滤液的深度处理中具有很好的应用前景．     

Lanthanum Containing Polymer''s Modification to PP

Polypropylene (PP)'s low impact strength limits its usages. Adding some a rare earth polymer can enhance PP's tensile strength and impact strength. Acrylic lanthanum was prepared by the reaction between lanthanum oxide and acrylic acid. The IR spectrum prove that and optimum reacting conditions are that the bulk ratio of La(AA) 3 and MMA is not less than one and temperature is about 80 ℃. Lanthanum containing Polymer were added into PP. When percent of addition only was 3%, strength were enhanced 10% , and impact strength 40%. SEM shows the compatibility of rare earth polymer and PP; lanthanum containing polymer can form physical crosslinking between PP's molecules, then every particle's surface connect with several PP molecules and the PP mechanical property were enhanced.     

高速锯床防护罩抗冲击能力的有限元分析

利用ANSYS/LS_DYNA的动力学分析功能对GS3050型超高速数控锯床安全防护罩的抗冲击能力进行了数值分析,对刀具碎片侵彻有机玻璃的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,采用厚度为15 mm的改性丙烯酸脂有机玻璃作为GS3050锯床的安全防护罩是可靠的.数值分析和试验的结果吻合.     

有机产品生产运行控制课程理实一体化教学改革与实践

通过对有机化工产品生产岗位工作任务调研,提出了课程改革的理念和思路,介绍了课程的实施,并对教学方法和手段、成绩考核方案设计等进行了改革,同时提出了理实一体化课程实施过程中要解决的教材、教学条件和师资队伍建设等问题。     

A preliminary study on total removal efficiency of organic pollutants in sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant

To evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in the sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant,the influent and effluent samples from the plant were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) under conditions of acidity,neutrality and alkalescence in sequence,and then were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC-MS) procedures.Results indicate that there are 70 species of organic pollutants in the influent sample of the plant,which mainly consist of alkyls,benzene series,esters,and heterocyclic compounds.Some of these organic pollutants are biotoxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Four species among them are on the list of Prior Pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA).However,7 species of organic pollutants appearing in the effluent sample mainly include alkyls of multi-carbons and phthalate esters.The removal efficiency of phthalates is poor because of their poor biodegradability.The sewage treatment technique is effective in removing most of organics pollutants.     

DHDECMP-TBP/煤油萃取 HNO_3-稀土过程中防止形成第二有机相的研究

研究了ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ／煤油萃取ＨＮＯ３后形成和防止形成第二有机相的各影响因素。以Ｇｄ代表稀土，探讨了ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ／煤油萃取稀土时ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ浓度、ＴＢＰ浓度、水相ＨＮＯ３浓度和温度对有机相萃取负载量的影响。结果表明：０．６０ｍｏｌ／ＬＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－１．４０ｍｏｌ／ＬＴＢＰ／煤油能有效避免第二有机相的形成，又能满足工艺负载量的要求。     

接种氧化亚氮(N2O)还原细菌YSQ030对复垦土壤N2O排放和氮循环关键功能基因的影响

复垦土地是重要的后备土地资源,但通常土壤结构差、有机质和养分含量低;增施有机肥是快速提升地力的关键途径,但会造成温室气体如氧化亚氮(N₂O)的大量排放.接种具有N₂O还原功能的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)不仅能够减少温室气体排放,还能促进作物生长.本研究以一株具有N₂O还原功能的PGPR反硝化无色杆菌(Achromobacter denitrificans) YSQ030为供试菌株,明确接种YSQ030对施用有机肥的复垦土壤N₂O排放和氮循环关键功能基因的影响.通过设置施用有机无机复混肥和羊粪有机肥的土壤微宇宙试验,利用气相色谱仪分析接种YSQ030后土壤N₂O排放通量,进一步计算累积排放量;在试验结束后分析土壤pH、EC(电导率)、硝态氮和铵态氮含量,并利用实时荧光定量PRC分析土壤硝化功能基因(AOA amoA和AOB amoA)和反硝化功能基因(nirS、nirK、nosZ Ⅰ 和nosZ Ⅱ)的丰度.结果显示,施用有机无机复混肥和羊粪有机肥的土壤中接种YSQ030明显减少复垦土壤N₂O排放,N₂O排放量最大减少分别达90.4％和30.6％.施用有机无机复混肥处理的N₂O排放量远高于施用羊粪有机肥处理,这可能是由于施用有机无机复混肥的土壤与施用羊粪有机肥的土壤相比,土壤中编码反硝化细菌N₂O还原酶基因nosZ Ⅰ 和非典型反硝化细菌N₂O还原酶基因nosZ Ⅱ 基因丰度较低.施用有机无机复混肥均显著降低土壤硝化和反硝化功能基因丰度,而施用羊粪有机肥对土壤硝化和反硝化功能基因丰度大多没有明显影响.本研究表明,接种YSQ030能够减少施用有机肥土壤的N₂O排放,将为复垦土壤地力提升和N₂O减排提供科学依据,也将为研发新型微生物肥料或生物有机肥提供核心菌种资源.     

Metal‐containing Polymers via Electropolymerization

Electropolymerization represents a suitable and well‐established approach for the assembly of polymer structures, in particular with regard to the formation of thin, insoluble films. Utilization of monomers that are functionalized with metal complex units allows the combination of structural and functional benefits of polymers and metal moieties. Since a broad range of both electropolymerizable monomers and metal complexes are available, various structures and, thus, applications are possible. Recent developments in the field of synthesis and potential applications of metal‐functionalized polymers obtained via electropolymerization are presented, highlighting the significant advances in this field of research.