Mechanical redesign of the rotating biological contactor

The principle of the Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) was originated in the early part of the century and today there are many thousands of units operating world wide. However, the RBC has been plagued with mechanical deficiencies since its conception. This paper presents a brief insight into some of the major mechanical defects associated with RBCs. These findings have been accumulated over the past three years during a mechanical design audit, and encompass over two hundred and sixty RBC units visited operating on site. The reasons for mechanical failures are attributed to poor engineering design, low frequency corrosion fatigue and microbiologically influenced corrosion; evidence supporting these claims is presented. Having the benefit of a thorough understanding of the mechanisms and reasons for mechanical failure, a new approach to designing RBCs is encouraged. This has resulted in a new generation of RBC designs with a guaranteed operational life of twenty years.     

ATP,oxygen uptake rate and INT-dehydrogenase activity of actinomycete foams

The purpose of this study was to establish the validity of the INT-dehydrogenase test for determining the biochemical activity of actinomycete foams. Parallel measurements of INT-dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate and oxygen uptake rate were made on foam samples collected from three different activated sludge plants over a period of several months. Activity levels of actinomycete foams measured in this study were found to be comparable to those of activated sludge as reported in the literature. Good-to-excellent correlations (r² > 0.87) were found between INT-dehydrogenase activity and the alternative parameters. Precision of all assays tested was comparable. The INT-dehydrogenase test can therefore be used in lieu of ATP or oxygen uptake rate assays without sacrifice in either the reliability or reproducibility of results obtained.     

PCR技术在食品检验中的应用

简述了ＰＣＲ的基本原理,并介绍了其在检验转基因食品、鉴定食品原料种类及食品微生物检测等几方面的应用。     

鱼源特定腐败菌及其应用研究进展

特定腐败菌(specific spoilage organisms,SSOs)是影响鱼肉腐败的重要因素之一。不同条件下鱼源SSOs不同,本文重点就SSOs的确定,即鱼源优势腐败菌筛选及其腐败能力分析的研究现状进行概述。在此基础上,对鱼源SSOs生长预测,靶向控制以延长鱼类鲜品货架期等应用研究进行了总结,旨在说明鱼源SSOs的研究价值,并对SSOs未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Lipolysis and lipid oxidation caused by Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 isolated from Suan yu,a traditional Chinese low‐salt fermented fish

The aim of this study was to investigate the lipolysis and lipid oxidation of Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 in Suan yu. Suan yu were made inoculated with and without two strains at different stages, and model systems of emulsions were also established. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation were evaluated by determining the changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content and composition, conjugated diene (CD) value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value. The total FFA of the sample without cultures increased from 476.61 mg/100 g fat to 1413.89 mg/100 g fat after 5 weeks fermentation, while those of samples with cultures declined to 258.98 and 452.89 mg/100 g fat, respectively. On the other hand, CD and TBARS values of samples with inoculation markedly increased. In the model system, higher FFA, CD and TBARS values for the samples added with CFE were observed. This study showed that Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 made a significant contribution to lipolysis and lipid oxidation during the processing of Suan yu.     

In vitro degradation of 10 mono‐ and sesquiterpenes of plant origin by caprine rumen micro‐organisms

The extent of disappearance of 10 mono‐ and sesquiterpenes in presence of mixed rumen micro‐organisms has been measured in 24‐h batch cultures. The molecules that were tested are frequently found in the plants consumed by ruminants in highland pastures (limonene, β‐myrcene, β‐ocimene, α‐pinene, sabinene, γ‐terpinene and thymol) or are potential markers of the diet (camphene, β‐caryophyllene and α‐copaene). All terpenes were tested at 2 µL mL^?1, except α‐copaene and thymol, which were tested at 0.9 µL mL^?1 and 2 mg mL^?1, respectively. Camphene and thymol were not degraded to a significant extent. The disappearance of part of β‐caryophyllene, (?)‐limonene and γ‐terpinene could not be attributed to the direct action of rumen micro‐organisms but rather than to an effect of the extracellular medium. In contrast, a third group of one sesquiterpene (α‐copaene) and four monoterpenes (myrcene, β‐ocimene, α‐pinene and sabinene) was extensively degraded by rumen micro‐organisms, at rates of 1.6, 4.5, 3.5, 4.8 and 5.4 µmol mL^?1 inoculum day^?1, respectively. The preliminary exposure of rumen micro‐organisms to a specific blend of essential oils compounds, containing mainly thymol, guajacol and limonene, increased the extent of disappearance of γ‐terpinene only. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

海洋生物中抗病毒活性物质的研究进展

概述了国内外从海洋生物中已发现的抗病毒活性物质及其研究进展。      

Screening and construct‐specific detection methods of transgenic Huafan No 1 tomato by conventional and real‐time PCR

Genetically modified (GM) tomatoes have been approved for commercialization in many countries since the first GM tomato FLAVR SAVR was permitted for planting in 1994. In China, GM tomato Huafan No 1 with a character of long shelf‐life was the first GM plant which was approved for commercialization in 1996. To meet the requirement of the GM tomatoes labeling policy that has been actualized in China since 2001, screening and construct‐specific PCR detection methods for detecting the universal elements transformed into tomato, such as cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35s) promoter and the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the specifically inserted heterologous DNA sequence between CaMV35s promoter and anti‐sense ethylene‐forming enzyme (EFE) gene were set up. To make the detection methods normative, a novel single copy tomato gene LAT52 was also used as an endogenous reference gene in the PCR detection systems. The limit of detection of screening and construct specific detection methods for Huafan No 1 was 68 haploid genome copies in conventional PCR detection, and three copies in TaqMan real‐time PCR detection. The limit of quantitation of screening quantitative PCR assays for Huafan No 1 was three copies and was 25 copies for construct‐specific quantitative PCR. Two samples with known Huafan No 1 tomato content were detected using the established conventional and real‐time PCR systems, and these results also indicated that the established Huafan No 1 screening and construct‐specific PCR detection systems were reliable, sensitive and accurate. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry