二厘米微波衰减标准装置不确定度的验证

采用传递比较法对二厘米微波衰减标准装置不确定度进行了验证。测量标准装置的重复性以组内实验标准偏差sn(A)定量表征，测量标准装置的稳定性用组间实验标准偏差sm定量表征。     

PRO——一种新的地震资料处理方法

PRO(影像的参数展开)技术是由俄罗斯地球物理学家开发的一种崭新的地震资料处理技术。本文从PRO基本原理入手,简单介绍了PRO的速度分析原理。PRO速度分析和成像均以信号的椭圆展开和参数展开为基础,其中参数展开方法考虑波型转换、介质的横向不均匀造成传播速度的变化。该技术抛开了传统共中心点叠加的思想,从根本上解决了以CMP方法为基础的传统地震处理技术遇到的困难。通过模型与实例分析对比,PRO比传统CMP方法更优越。     

An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China

Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management.     

测量不确定度计算与实验方案的恰当选择

文章介绍了不确定度的定义及其一般计算公式，通过具体实例介绍了实验后不确定度的计算和实验前的误差估计。并对有多种可能的实验方案，利用误差估计的方法，选择出最佳的实验方案，使其不确定度最小。     

Probabilistic analysis of uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment

Sources and current methods of analysis of uncertainty from randomness, fuzziness and ignorance or incomplete knowledge in seismic hazard assessment problem are briefly discussed at beginning; understandings of the authors are then presented in the following order. All three types of uncertainty come from incomplete knowledge. Probabilistic method can be applied to all of them, objective probability for random factors and subjective probability for the other two types of uncertain factors. Discrete subjective probability mass functions for incomplete and fuzzy factors can be obtained from logic-tree and membership functions respectively. Fractile curves may be used to show the scattering of any uncertainty factor, but a unified probabilistic treatment may be applied to any combination of all three types of uncertainty.     

压力传感器静态检定装置的测量不确定度

本文根据压力传感器（静态）国家计量检定规程，对压力传感器静态检定装置进行误差分析，得出该装置的测量不确定度。最后，通过实例说明实际测量不确定度与理论分析相符合。     

自发参量下转换光场的实验研究进展综述

自发参量下转换(spontaneous parametric down-conversion,SPDC)光场是基于单色泵浦光子流和量子真空噪声对非线性晶体的综合作用而产生的,它固有的量子起源决定了在非经典光场研究中的重要地位和作用.对SPDC光场的相干特性和它在绝对测量光电探测器量子效率中的应用进行了深入而细致的研究和探讨.     

Uncertainty Matters: Computer Models at the Science–Policy Interface

The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However, despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities.     

CARS光谱测温及仪器狭缝函数对测量的影响

设计了一种利用光参量振荡器(OPO)来代替染料激光器的宽带相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射(CARS)光谱测温实验装置。为了提高CARS测量温度的精度,测量和分析了检测系统中狭缝函数对测量结果的影响,确定了狭缝函数的具体形式。将测量结果与热电偶读数比较,发现在温度范围300K～1200K内,温度测量的不确定度小于2%。