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201.
Ning Yuantao 《中国有色金属学会会刊》1996,(4)
METASTABLEPHASEANDAGEHARDENINGINRAPIDLY-SOLIDIFIEDSILVER-RICHAg-GdALLOYS¥NingYuantao(InstituteofPreciousMetals,Kunming650221)... 相似文献
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203.
The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007 相似文献
204.
Manika Varma‐Nair Christine A. Costello Karla S. Colle Hubert E. King 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,103(4):2642-2653
Gas hydrates formed in oil production pipelines are crystalline solids where hydrocarbon gas molecules such as methane, propane, and their mixtures are trapped in a cagelike structure by hydrogen‐bonded water molecules to form undesirable plugs. Methanol and glycol are currently used to prevent these plugs via thermodynamic inhibition. Small amounts of water‐soluble polymers may provide an alternate approach for preventing gas hydrates. In this study, we expand the fundamental understanding of water–polymer systems with differential scanning calorimetry. Nonfreezable bound water was used to quantify polymer–water interactions and relate them to the chemical structure for a series of polymers, including acrylamides, cyclic lactams, and n‐vinyl amides. For good interactions, the water structure needs to be stabilized through hydrophobic interactions. An increased hydrophobicity of the pendant group also appears to favor polymer performance as a gas hydrate inhibitor. Good inhibitors, such as poly(diethyl acrylamide) and poly(N‐vinyl caprolactam), also show higher heat capacities, which indicate higher hydrophobicity, than poor performers such as polyzwitterions, in which hydrophilicity dominated. The phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of dilute polymer solutions were also evaluated through measurements of the heat of demixing and lower critical solution temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2642–2653, 2007 相似文献
205.
激光诱导二甲基二乙氧基硅烷气相合成碳化硅超细粉 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本工作首次采用有机硅试剂二甲基二乙氧基硅烷为反应物,进行了激光导气相反应,制备出平均粒径为40nm的非晶SiC粉末,粉末中C/Si比随反应气流量的变化而变化。非晶SiC粉末在1873K,氮气中退火1h后转变为β-SiC及α-SiC,同时,粉末中部分氧杂质及自由碳脱出粉末。 相似文献
206.
Johannes C. Jansen Marialuigia Macchione Raniero Mendichi Enrico Drioli 《Polymer》2005,46(25):11366-11379
Asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by the dry-casting technique from PEEKWC, a modified amorphous glassy poly(ether ether ketone). The phase inversion process and membrane performance were correlated to the properties of the polymer and the casting solution (molar mass, polymer concentration, solution rheology and thermodynamics). It was found that a broad molar mass distribution of the polymer in the casting solution is most favourable for the formation of a highly selective membrane with a dense skin and a porous sub-layer. Thus, membranes with an effective skin thickness of less than 1 μm were obtained, exhibiting a maximum O2/N2 selectivity of 7.2 and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 39, both significantly higher than in a corresponding thick dense PEEKWC membrane and also comparable to or higher than that of the most commonly used polymers for gas separation membranes. The CO2 and O2 permeance were up to 9.5×10−3 and 1.8×10−3 m3/(m2 h bar) (3.5 and 0.67 GPU), respectively. 相似文献
207.
Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems. 相似文献
208.
聚丙烯固相法接枝改性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
聚丙烯固相法接枝不饱和单体是一种简便易行的本体法技术。与其它接枝方法相比,具有成本低、接枝率高、时间短、无溶剂回收、不妨害接枝物的进一步应用等优点。本文介绍了聚丙烯固相法接枝不饱和单体的进展,并较详细地讨论了影响接枝反应的各种因素。 相似文献
209.
210.