建筑工程项目实施状态诊断指标的理论分析

对建筑工程项目管理现状进行了调查。依据调查的分析结果得知,建筑工程项目中较为普遍的且具有代表性的问题表象共计20类261种。参考和借鉴其他学科的诊断思想,通过rough set中的信息约简和降维变换,提取和确定了这些问题表象的特征及其参数;在此基础上,按照集合论的映射原理,得出诊断这些问题的113项指标。研究结果表明,诊断思想的引入对深入分析建筑工程项目管理中存在的问题、提高建筑工程项目管理水平具有重要的理论价值和应用价值。     

改性SMA的设计与施工

介绍了一种SMA沥青混合料，分析了其试验用材料性能指标，配合比设计和施工工艺，指出SMA具有提高路面抗车辙，抗老化，抗裂，抗滑和水稳定性的优良性能。     

Numerical modelling of radiative heat transfer in an internal indirect reforming-type SOFC

The present paper describes numerical modelling of the radiative heat transfer process in the module chamber of an internal indirect reforming-type SOFC. The ability to do internal reforming is one of the characteristics of high-temperature fuel cells, SOFC. As in any high-temperature system, radiative heat transfer is important. In this article, heat transfer between the fuel reformer surface and all other surfaces facing the reformer surfaces is modelled. Governing equations for radiative heat transfer are described using Hottel's zone method. The resulting radiation–conduction conjugate heat transfer problems are numerically solved with a combination of Gauss–Seidel and Newton–Raphson methods. The steam reforming reaction occurring inside the fuel reformer is described using Achenbach model. The obtained results indicate that, for the development of effective indirect internal reforming, the position of the reformer in the module chamber and emissivity of the surfaces of the reformer, cell and other elements in the SOFC module all play a key role.     

Feedback control with signal transmission after‐effects

In many practical systems, the physical plant, controller, sensor, and actuator are difficult to be located at the same place, and thus signals are required to be transmitted from one place to another. One immediate problem arising from such situations is that signals may exhibit after‐effect phenomena during their transmission. In this paper, we present a new model to characterize the state‐feedback control systems with signal transmission after‐effects, which deals with the transmission after‐effects from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator separately. Analysis and synthesis results based on this new model are established by using a Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validation of an effective oxidation pressure model for liquid binary alloys

Dynamic surface-tension measurements using the sessile drop method and acquisition times of a few seconds make it possible to study the evolution of the surface of molten metals and alloys and so reliably validate the predictive models of the interactions between pure liquid metals and an oxidizing atmosphere, in both an inert gas carrier and in a vacuum. The presence of active oxidation contributes to maintaining surface cleanness and then strongly affects the shape of the boundary separating oxidation and de-oxidation regimes. Recently the general physical–mathematical analysis we developed for pure liquid metals has been extended to liquid binary alloys and their oxides. In this work we present the experimental results of tests on some binary alloys chosen as test systems to try to obtain a preliminary validation of the extended model. The theoretical results obtained, indicating that the behaviour of the alloy towards oxidation tends to be similar to that of the less oxidizable component, have thus been confirmed experimentally.     

结合波原子和全变差方法的图像去噪*

传统的硬阈值去噪会产生伪吉普斯现象,而波原子本身的周期化过程也会出现新的方向性纹理失真。采用全变差最小化方法来抑制这些失真,提出一种改进的波原子去噪算法。该算法不是直接将低于阈值的小系数置为零,而是对这些系数在全变差最小的意义上作修正迭代,得到最终的去噪图像。数值实验结果表明,波原子去噪保留边缘和纹理的效果优于小波和曲线波,改进算法去噪的视觉质量明显好于传统波原子去噪。最后还指出了进一步的研究方向。     

重庆市工程地质数据库建设中的几个关键问题

重庆市工程地质数据库具有山地城市工程地质数据的典型性,该数据库建设过程中解决的几个关键问题是:针对重庆特征工程地质条件,制定重庆市主城区标准地层划分表,编制重庆市主城区详细工程地质图,对数据库中逐个钻孔逐个地层对应编号识别;对离散性大的特征参数作重点整理;对不良地质现象作重点整理,并在此基础上编制重庆市主城区不良地质分区图.     

Experimental characterization and population balance modelling of the dense silica suspensions aggregation process

Concentrated suspensions of nanoparticles subjected to transport or shear forces are commonly encountered in many processes where particles are likely to undergo processes of aggregation and fragmentation under physico-chemical interactions and hydrodynamic forces. This study is focused on the analysis of the behavior of colloidal silica in dense suspensions subjected to hydrodynamic forces in conditions of destabilization.A colloidal silica suspension of particles with an initial size of about 80 nm was used. The silica suspension concentration was varied between 3% and 20% of weight. The phenomenon of aggregation was observed in the absence of any other process such as precipitation and the destabilization of the colloidal suspensions was obtained by adding sodium chloride salt.The experiments were performed in a batch agitated vessel. The evolution of the particle size distributions versus time during the process of aggregation was particularly followed on-line by acoustic spectroscopy in dense conditions. Samples were also analyzed after an appropriate dilution by laser diffraction. The results show the different stages of the silica aggregation process whose kinetic rates depend either on physico-chemical parameters or on hydrodynamic conditions. Then, the study is completed by a numerical study based on the population balance approach. By the fixed pivot technique of Kumar and Ramkrishna [1996. On the solution of population balance equations by discretization—I. A fixed pivot technique. Chemical Engineering Science 51 (8), 1311-1332], the hypothesis on the mechanisms of the aggregation and breakage processes were justified. Finally, it allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of the aggregation process under flowing conditions.     

Electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

This paper describes the results obtained from an electrokinetic treatment of a real soil polluted by lead acetate. Powdered soil samples were pressed with a consolidometer till 100 kPa to obtain cylindrical specimens with the same characteristics as a subsoil. Tests were carried out in a Perspex electrochemical cell where soil specimens were introduced with a hollow punch. A low intensity direct current was applied in order to remove contaminants, due to electrophoresis and electroosmosis phenomena. The water flow, conductivity, apparent electroosmotic coefficient, as well as other characteristic parameters, were measured throughout the test. The water content and degree of pore saturation were estimated at the beginning and end of the test. The soil slab was divided into four slices and the Pb concentration profile determined. The main factor governing the extraction of contaminant was found to be the pH in the acidic range. Indeed, under these conditions high removal efficiencies could be reached. These results could lead to the design of a new electrochemical treatment cell equipped with a cationic membrane to expand the region of favourable pH within the soil.     

A novel surface modification process for porous metals using friction phenomena

The surfaces of the aluminum foams were modified by the friction surface modification (FSM) process. The aluminum foams with a new surface structure were successfully obtained by the FSM process. The surface-modified zone (SMZ) had smoother surface than the unprocessed zone (UZ). A very dense layer without the cell structure was formed near the surface of the SMZ. The SMZ exhibited more high indentation strength than the UZ. Especially for 1390 rpm, the indentation strength was about twice the value of the UZ. The FSM process was a very effective technology for the improvement in the mechanical properties as well as the surface morphology of the porous metals. And then, the tool rotation speed was a very important parameter in order to control in the characteristics of the friction-surface-modified porous metals.