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Hameed A. Al‐Attar Gareth C. Griffiths Tom N. Moore Mustafa Tavasli Mark A. Fox Martin R. Bryce Andrew P. Monkman 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(12):2376-2382
A new family of highly soluble electrophosphorescent dopants based on a series of tris‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (1–4) of 2‐(carbazol‐3‐yl)‐4/5‐R‐pyridine ligands with varying molecular dipole strengths have been synthesized. Highly efficient, solution‐processed, single‐layer, electrophosphorescent diodes utilizing these complexes have been prepared and characterized. The high triplet energy poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) PVK is used as a host polymer doped with 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) for electron transport. Devices with a current efficiency of 40 cd A?1 corresponding to an EQE of 12% can thus be achieved. The effect of the type and position of the substituent (electron‐withdrawing group (CF3) and electron‐donating group (OMe)) on the molecular dipole moment of the complexes has been investigated. A correlation between the absorption strength of the singlet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (1MLCT) transition and the luminance spectral red shift as a function of solvent polarity is observed. The strength of the transition dipole moments for complexes 1–4 has also been obtained from TD‐DFT computations, and is found to be consistent with the observed molecular dipole moments of these complexes. The relatively long lifetime of the excitons of the phosphorescence (microseconds) compared to the charge‐carrier scattering time (less than nanoseconds), allows the transition dipole moment to be considered as a “quasi permanent dipole”. Therefore, the carrier mobility is sufficiently affected by the long‐lived transition dipole moments of the phosphorescent molecules, which are randomly oriented in the medium. The dopant dipoles cause positional and energetic disorder because of the locally modified polarization energy. Furthermore, the electron‐withdrawing group CF3 induces strong carrier dispersion that enhances the electron mobility. Therefore, the strong transition dipole moment in complexes 3 and 4 perturbs both electron and hole mobilities, yielding a reduction in exciton formation and an increase in the device dark current, thereby decreasing the device efficiency. 相似文献
204.
Shaolong Gong Yonghua Chen Jiajia Luo Chuluo Yang Cheng Zhong Jingui Qin Dongge Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(6):1168-1178
A series of tetraarylsilane compounds, namely p‐BISiTPA ( 1 ), m‐BISiTPA ( 2 ), p‐OXDSiTPA ( 3 ), m‐OXDSiTPA ( 4 ), are designed and synthesized by incorporating electron‐donating arylamine and electron‐accepting benzimidazole or oxadiazole into one molecule via a silicon‐bridge linkage mode. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties can be finely tuned through the different groups and linking topologies. The para‐disposition compounds 1 and 3 display higher glass transition temperatures, slightly lower HOMO levels and triplet energies than their meta‐disposition isomers 2 and 4 , respectively. The silicon‐interrupted conjugation of the electron‐donating and electron‐accepting segments gives these materials the following advantages: i) relative high triplet energies in the range of 2.69–2.73 eV; ii) HOMO/LUMO levels of the compounds mainly depend on the electron‐donating and electron‐accepting groups, respectively; iii) bipolar transporting feature as indicated by hole‐only and electron‐only devices. These advantages make these materials ideal universal hosts for multicolor phosphorescent OLEDs. 1 and 3 have been demonstrated as universal hosts for blue, green, orange and white electrophosphorescence, exhibiting high efficiencies and low efficiency roll‐off. For example, the devices hosted by 1 achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.1% for blue, 22.7% for green, 20.5% for orange, and 19.1% for white electrophosphorescence. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiencies are still as high as 14.2% for blue, 22.4% for green, 18.9% for orange, and 17.4% for white electrophosphorescence at a high luminance of 1000 cd m?2. The two‐color, all‐phosphor white device hosted by 3 acquires a maximum current efficiency of 51.4 cd A?1, and a maximum power efficiency of 51.9 lm W?1. These values are among the highest for single emitting layer white PhOLEDs reported till now. 相似文献
205.
A new approach based on microcantilevers is presented to detect infrared photons with high sensitivity. Infrared photons are measured by monitoring the amplitude change of a vibrating microcantilever under light pressure force.The irradiating light is modulated into sinusoidal and pulsed waves,and to be in-phase and anti-phase with the cantilever driving signal.A linear relationship between the amplitude change of the cantilever and the light power distributing on the cantilever was observed.Under a vacuum of 10-4 Pa,an infrared light power of 7.4 nW was detected with the cantilever.The in-phase and anti-phase modulation to the cantilever vibration using a pulsed light results in an enhanced response of the cantilever. 相似文献
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研究了硅雪崩光电二极管(APD)对光通信波段近红外光子在不同频率、强度,以及APD 不同偏压下的双光子吸收效应(TPA)。通过实验详细测量了光频率从186.3 THz 到196.1 THz 变化时APD的TPA 效率,结果表明:随着入射光频率的不断增加,TPA 效率呈现出先增大、后减小的规律,并且在190.5 THz 附近达到最优效率。此外,在实验中观察到,随着入射光强的增大,TPA 效率也呈现出先增大、后减小的现象(此实验中的峰值光强度约10 mW)。 相似文献
208.
提出了一种利用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中三能级原子与一束较弱的相干态探测光和一束较强的经典耦合光相互作用产生受激拉曼跃迁制备原子-光子杂化纠缠态的理论方案。研究了探测光场与原子间的相互作用强度、双光子失谐量和处在基态的原子间的相互作用强度对制备杂化纠缠态的影响。结果表明,通过增加探测光场与原子间的相互作用强度或减小双光子失谐量,能够更快地制备纠缠程度更高的原子-光子杂化纠缠态。 相似文献
209.
白色磷光OLEDs的制备及性能研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
采用蓝色、黄色磷光混色的发光方式实现白光有机电致发光器件(OLEDS),其中黄色发光层由红色和绿色磷光材料混合而成,器件的结构为ITO/MoO3(30nm)/NPB(40nm)/mCP:FIrpic(8%)(50nm)/CBP:R-4B(1%):GIrl(14%)(xnm)/BCP(10nm)/AlQ(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)(x=2,3,4,5,6nm)。对器件的效率、亮度等对比发现,当x=5nm时,器件的性能最佳,最大亮度为9 471cd/cm2,效率为23.5cd/A,色坐标(0.32,0.35)。实验表明,影响器件色稳定性和效率低的原因是电子和空穴迁移随驱动电压变化响应不一致引发激子复合区域的移动。 相似文献
210.
激光过程中真空态和单光子叠加态的量子特性 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用热纠缠态表象和有序算符内的积分技术,通过求解密度矩阵主方程,导出了真空态和单光子叠加态在激光过程中的Wigner函数和光子数分布的解析表达式。采用数值计算方法,给出了腔场的增益和衰减常数等参数取确定值时真空态和单光子叠加态的Wigner函数、负部体积和光子数分布的演化曲线。通过比较Wigner函数负值区域的变化,讨论了耗散过程对该量子态量子特性的影响。研究结果表明:随耗散过程进行,态的Wigner函数负值范围和负值深度都在逐渐减小,直至负值消失。 相似文献