认清方向 开拓创新 给力内需 稳中求进——关注光伏产业,创新金刚石应用

太阳能资源取之不尽、用之不竭,随处可开发利用,因此绿色光伏发电技术成为实现可持续发展的重中之重,成为发展新型能源的首选和方向。晶体硅在IC、太阳能光伏产业中的大量应用,为包括金刚石线锯加工工具在内的金刚石工具提供了巨大的发展空间。文章较全面地介绍了当今光伏产业的发展情况,指出了我国大力发展光伏产业的必然性、急迫性和可行性,指出了存在的困难和面对的挑战,对包括金刚石线锯在内的金刚石工具在光伏产业的应用进行了综述。     

Effective solar power harnessing using a few novel solar tree designs and their performance assessment

Solar irradiance being considered as one of the most important alternative sources of energy can be harnessed in the form of electrical power using photovoltaic panels erected under the sun. Optimum conversion of power from solar panels can be obtained by using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which involves continuously adjusting the angle of panels according to the change in the angle of falling irradiance. These trackers, however, use some amount of power for operation of MPPT equipment. Various techniques for arranging the solar panels in three dimensions have been suggested for optimizing the output power from them. The inspiration behind arranging the panels are often drawn from the natural trees where the branches and the leaves follow a particular pattern called phyllotaxy which is directly analogous to the Fibonacci number and Golden ratio. In this research work, the power output from two solar tree models based on 3/8 and 2/5 phyllotaxy pattern and solar conventional panel compared under similar irradiance conditions. There are so many phyllotaxy patterns like 1/3, 2/5, 3/8, etc. When the solar panels aligned in different phyllotaxies, then the orientation direction of solar panels are distinct. Each solar panel connected in solar trees is in a different direction, so that they received the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day as compared to conventional panels which is oriented unidirectional.     

酞菁铜衍生物LB膜／N－Si光伏电池的反常二极管整流效应

从表面态和材料电阻率的角度分析了酞菁铜衍生物ＬＢ膜光伏电池的反常整流效应，讨论了该效应与光生电流的关系，并介绍了消除反常现象提高光生电流的实验方法。     

Large-area photovoltaics based on low band gap copolymers of thiophene and benzothiadiazole or benzo-bis(thiadiazole)

Large-area solar cells (active area=3 and 10 cm²) were prepared with low band gap polymers based on thiophene and benzothiadiazole (1) or thiophene and benzo-bis(thiadiazole) (2). The band gaps of the polymers were 1.65 and 0.67 eV, respectively. The best photovoltaic performance was obtained for the device ITO/PEDOT/1:PCBM (1:2)/Al with an active area of 3 cm². The efficiency of the device was 0.62%. This is a high efficiency for a low band gap polymer in a large-area organic solar cell and thus polymer 1 is a very promising material for organic solar cells. The devices based on 2 were found to give poor devices when employed in bulk heterojunctions with PCBM. This was linked to a poor alignment of the energy levels in 2 with that of the electrodes and PCBM, showing that the requirement for a control of the positions of the energy levels becomes increasingly important as the band gap decreases.     

光伏接入配电网线路故障特征及保护方案的研究

光伏系统接入配电网后,配电网供电模式发生变化,导致配电网部分继电保护设备不能正确动作。根据储能充放电原理,在光伏输出直流侧并入储能模块抑制光伏功率波动,确保配电网接受光伏功率保持恒定,进而提出适用于光伏接入配电网线路电流保护的整定方法,该方法能够解决光伏接入点反向出口短路电流值大小随光伏输出功率波动的问题。在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了储能型光伏接入10 k V配电网算例模型,通过仿真验证了该方法的正确性与有效性。     

Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative game theory approach

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have constantly been the key to achieve a low-carbon economy in China. However, the development of Chinese distributed PV systems has failed to meet expectations because of their irrational profit and cost allocations. In this study, the methodology for calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV is thoroughly discussed to address this issue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the optimal system operation strategy with a benefit analysis. An externality-corrected mathematical model based on Shapley value is established to allocate the cost of distributed PV systems in 15 Chinese cities between the government, utility grid and residents. Results show that (i) an inverse relationship exists between the LCOEs and solar radiation levels; (ii) the government and residents gain extra benefits from the utility grid through net metering policies, and the utility grid should be the highly subsidized participant; (iii) the percentage of cost assigned to the utility grid and government should increase with the expansion of battery bank to weaken the impact of demand response on increasing theoretical subsidies; and (iv) apart from the LCOE, the local residential electricity prices remarkably impact the subsidy calculation results.     

光伏阵列故障诊断的可解释性智能集成方法

针对现有光伏阵列故障检测和诊断智能方法存在的泛化性不强、可解释性差的问题,提出了一种可解释性智能集成方法。对采集的光伏阵列输出时序电压、电流波形进行特征挖掘,并将多个已成熟应用于光伏故障诊断的智能算法作为不同基学习器与元学习器,构建结合不同智能算法优势且更具泛化性的Stacking集成学习模型;以沙普利可加性特征解释方法为总框架,并结合局部近似可解释性方法,对模型训练过程与结果进行解释分析,通过获取各特征的贡献、分析该集成模型的决策机制,并了解其如何进行诊断,提高其可靠度和可信度。算例实验结果表明,所提可解释性智能集成方法在不同规模数据集的测试中均实现了高精度的故障诊断,模型的可解释性结果表明由该智能集成模型建立的故障特征和诊断结果的映射遵循物理见解,增强了智能方法的可信度和透明性。     

基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化策略

针对现有配电网中分布式光储调度模型存在资源协同不足、求解复杂等问题,提出了一种基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度策略。通过引入储能接入配电网后的功率转移分布因子,提出一种基于系统净能力的储能最优选址计算方法;综合考虑储能的运行特性和分布式光伏的出力不确定性,建立以系统日综合成本和削峰填谷为目标的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度模型;利用二阶锥松弛和Big-M法对潮流约束、储能运行约束进行处理,将原规划模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划问题。以IEEE 33节点系统和西北某实际系统为算例进行仿真分析,结果表明所提方法能在降低负荷峰谷差和日综合成本、平抑负荷波动的同时,显著提高对分布式光伏的消纳能力,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

聚吡咯-二氧化钛自组装复合膜的制备及其光电转换性质

通过原位自组装技术制备了聚吡咯-二氧化钛纳米复合膜,利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、原子力显微镜、电化学循环伏安等方法对所制备的复合膜进行了表征.与利用原位自组装技术制备的聚吡咯膜相比较,由于在复合膜中聚吡咯和TiO2纳米粒子之间的相互作用,复合膜π→π*跃迁吸收峰发生蓝移,氧化还原峰的位置向负电位方向移动.沉积在导电玻璃ITO表面的该纳米复合膜在可见光下表现出一定的光电转换性质.     

新的地域并网式太阳能发电系统的电力经济分析与设计

提出一种新的地域并网式太阳能发电系统，即带有电力存储系统的地域并网式太阳能发电系统。从电力的有效利用、经济性的角度对这种新的地域并网式太阳能发电系统进行了研究，提出了系统的设计以及选定电力存储系统存储容量的方法，然后针对不同的条件选择了相应的电力存储系统的容量。