Plant Responses to Herbivory,Wounding, and Infection

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, whereas chemical barriers include secondary metabolites (SMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants and herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of physical stimuli, chemical compounds (orally secreted by insects and herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. Plant cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes the initiation of signal transduction, the activation of various hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene), and the release of VOCs and SMs. This review of recent studies of plant–herbivore–infection interactions focuses on early and late plant responses, including physical barriers, signal transduction, SM production as well as epigenetic regulation, and phytohormone responses.     

基于物理结构的电感杂散电容计算方法

介绍了一种计算电感杂散电容的解析方法,以电感的物理结构为基础,将电感绕组分割成彼此相同的基本单元,求出基本单元的电容,即可获得单层、多层电感的电容。实验证明计算的精确度令人满意,可对电感的设计和仿真提供帮助。     

数—模综合仿真接口算法分析

针对微电网的推广应用还面临着诸多技术难题的问题,将电力系统数字仿真与物理模拟各自的优点与不足结合起来,充分发挥各自优势便可形成数模综合仿真模型,该模型将在微电网技术研究中发挥重大的作用。数模综合仿真接口是数模综合仿真系统的核心部件,而接口算法的选取是数模综合仿真接口设计的基础。在总结现有算法的基础上重点分析了理想变压器模型的稳定性,提出加强稳定性的有效措施及不稳定情况的处理方案。最后,通过算例仿真验证了各措施的有效性。     

非偏振光叠加传播及散射势获取的相关讨论

经典的Stokes理论认为非偏振光叠加仍为非偏振光。以高斯-谢尔模光束为示例,表明光场在自由传播的过程中情况并非总是如此。并以此为例,展示Stokes理论的可叠加性原理在描述光场传播过程中的本地行为和全局行为上是有区别的。作为应用示例,讨论了一个与大气和生物组织相关的散射势获取的问题。     

Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review

Muscle wasting, known to develop in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a deleterious consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Muscle wasting in CKD mainly involves dysregulated muscle protein metabolism and impaired muscle cell regeneration. In this narrative review, we discuss the cardinal role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, which have been extensively investigated using animal and human studies, as well as the emerging concepts in microRNA- and gut microbiota-mediated regulation of muscle mass and myogenesis. To ameliorate muscle loss, therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise programs, pharmacological interventions, and physical modalities, are being increasingly developed based on advances in understanding its underlying pathophysiology.     

Insight into the Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Barrier Properties of Lipid Bilayer Models

As a new field of oxidative stress-based therapy, cold physical plasma is a promising tool for several biomedical applications due to its potential to create a broad diversity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Although proposed, the impact of plasma-derived RONS on the cell membrane lipids and properties is not fully understood. For this purpose, the changes in the lipid bilayer functionality under oxidative stress generated by an argon plasma jet (kINPen) were investigated by electrochemical techniques. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the plasma-induced modifications on the model lipids. Various asymmetric bilayers mimicking the structure and properties of the erythrocyte cell membrane were transferred onto a gold electrode surface by Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaefer deposition techniques. A strong impact of cholesterol on membrane permeabilization by plasma-derived species was revealed. Moreover, the maintenance of the barrier properties is influenced by the chemical composition of the head group. Mainly the head group size and its hydrogen bonding capacities are relevant, and phosphatidylcholines are significantly more susceptible than phosphatidylserines and other lipid classes, underlining the high relevance of this lipid class in membrane dynamics and cell physiology.     

以体育活动为载体加强大学生思想教育工作

针对高校大学生存在的思想问题,探索了以体育活动为载体的思想教育方式,阐述了以培养大学生集体荣誉感、坚韧不拔的毅志、团结互助的精神为突破口的工作方式,是加强高校学生思想教育工作的有效途径和方法之一。     

青草沙水库取水泵闸库内侧消能防冲技术研究

通过理论计算与物模试验相结合,对上游取水泵闸库内侧消能防冲技术进行研究,调整库内局部整流措施,以改善出水流态,减小对出水渠及已有建筑物的冲刷,保证取水系统安全。     

二连盆地气测解释失误层原因剖析

以往人们对气测解释评价成功的范例介绍较多,而对解释结论与试油结果不符合的层公开交流甚少。该文通过对气测解释失误层进行梳理,归纳了六条“认识不到位”等技术因素造成的解释失误和三条非技术因素造成的偏高解释,通过六个失败实例分析,总结、反思应吸取的教训,对今后的油气水层解释评价应有一定的借鉴意义。     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。