山区长输气管线的曲线测设

该文介绍了在山区长输气管线测量中 ,管线的折点桩之间大部分不通视且部分点上空有障碍物 ,采用GPS不能施测坐标时 ,结合山区的自然地理条件 ,采用全站仪间接施测折点水平角 ,极坐标法测设曲线以及跨越障碍物测设曲线的内容和方法 ,可在一定精度要求下应用     

Oleuropein Inhibits LDL Oxidation Induced by Cooking Oil Frying By-products and Platelet Aggregation Induced by Platelet-Activating Factor

Oleuropein, a polyphenolic glucoside, constituent of olive fruit and oil, has been previously shown to exhibit, in vitro, potent properties as a biological antioxidant. In the present paper, two new properties are demonstrated in vitro as well, concerning its vascular protection activity, against the atheromatic lesion formation and its blood antithrombotic effect. Firstly, it was found that the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), induced by different quantities of total polar materials (TPM), was inhibited by 10 μ M (final concentration) of oleuropein, revealing approx. 50% protection. Secondly, platelet-rich human plasma aggregation, induced by either the platelet-activating factor or adenosine diphospate or arachidonic acid, was inhibited by oleuropein. The 10 μ M (final concentration) of oleuropein was proven to be the most effective among the tested concentrations against LDL oxidation, while an IC₅₀=0.41 mM was calculated for its inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by 0.7 μ M platelet-activating factor.     

Photoelectrochemistry of poly(3-methylthiophene), I: Surface morphology and thickness effect

Photocyclovoltammetric experiments with films of poly(3-methylthiophene) under polychromatic light irradiation show a p-type semiconductor behavior in the reduced state, with a flat band potential of 0.18 V. The photocurrent depends on film thickness and surface morphology. Films with different thickness were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, indicating a globular morphology with globule sizes changing according to the charge density used during polymer deposition. The highest photocurrent is observed for the lowest globule diameter. These films were also irradiated with monochromatic light from the electrolyte side and from the substrate side. A higher photocurrent and a photocurrent spectrum matching the absorption spectrum of the reduced form of the polymer is observed on irradiation from the electrolyte side of a 0.7 μm thick film. In contrast, for irradiation from the electrode side, the photocurrent is lower and the spectrum shows a peak at lower energy. These results were interpreted in terms of a delocalized space charge zone, different kinetics for charge transfer and mass transport across the solvent swollen polymer film and different depth of penetration of the light as a function of wavelength.     

Materials modelling: A bridge from atoms to bulk properties

The use of molecular-level materials modelling techniques in the development of advanced performance polymers is discussed, with particular emphasis upon bridging the large difference in the scales of dimensions between atomic structure and fabricated parts. The advantages and disadvantages of bulk quantitative structure-property relations and atomistic modelling are assessed, and the method of group interaction modelling is suggested as a means of bridging the dimensional scales.After a brief introduction to the concept of group interaction modelling, examples of modelling the engineering properties of polymers are presented which are difficult to model quantitatively by any other means. The important phase transitions from the crystal and glassy states of matter to those of rubber- and liquidlike states are shown quantitatively to be due to the same isoenergetic condition. The viscoelastic properties of a polymer are critical for many applications and expressions are derived for the loss and storage components of the complex modulus, with reference to failure initiation conditions. The effect of crosslinking in thermosets upon the glass transition temperature and viscoelastic properties is outlined. Finally, the scaling of time from atomic vibrations to the years involved in creep and ageing effects are discussed.     

奎宁印迹聚合物的吸附与识别特性的研究

以奎宁为模板分子 ,利用分子印迹技术合成了一种新型的类似于人工受体的印迹聚合物 ,研究了它对奎宁和其它底物的吸附特性和选择性识别能力 ,并对其固相萃取性能做了初步的研究。     

A facile and efficient method for preparation of chiral supported poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) copolymers

A new and efficient method for preparation of optically active poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) copolymers (PS-DVB) is presented here. This is carried out by Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction of chiral N-phthaloyl -leucine acid chloride with PS-DVB beads in the presence of aluminum chloride as Lewis acid catalyst and 1,2-dichloroethane as the solvent at ambient temperature. Reagents’ amounts and reaction conditions are mentioned and four samples with different amounts of functionality have been prepared. Final products were characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The results obtained confirm that the above modification in preparation of chiral supported PS-DVB has been achieved well and in moderate yield.     

Facile modifications of polyimide via chloromethylation: II. Synthesis and characterization of thermocurable transparent polyimide having methylene acrylate side groups

From chloromethylated polyimide, a useful starting material for modification of aromatic polyimides, a thermocurable transparent polyimide having acrylate side groups was prepared. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene, chloromethylated polyimide was esterified with acrylic acid to synthesize poly(imide methylene acrylate). The polymer was soluble in organic solvent, which makes it possible to prepare a planar film by spin coating. The polymer film became insoluble after thermal treatment at 230 °C for 30 min. Optical transparency of the film at 400 nm (for 1 µm thickness) was higher than 98 % and not affected by further heating at 230 °C for 250 min. Adhesion properties measured by the ASTM D3359‐B method ranged from 4B to 5B. Preliminary results of planarization testing showed a high degree of planarization (DOP) value (>0.53). These properties demonstrate that poly(imide methylene acrylate) could be utilized as a thermocurable transparent material in fabricating display devices such as TFT‐LCD. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

High char‐yielding poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(itaconic acid)‐co‐(methyl acrylate)]: synthesis and properties

Polyacrylonitrile terpolymers of various compositions consisting of acrylonitrile (AN), itaconic acid (IA) and methyl acrylate (MA) were synthesized by solution polymerization in dimethylsulfoxide. Increase in concentration of either IA or MA retarded the overall polymerization rate and the polymer molecular weight. The system consisting of AN + MA and varying IA concentration was more prone to retardation in comparison with the system composed of AN + IA with variable MA concentration. The retardation factors were quantified. Minor quantities of MA boost the reactivity of IA in the terpolymer system. The terpolymer was richer in MA vis‐à‐vis the feed. The thermal characteristics of the terpolymer were examined as a function of its composition. In contrast to the copolymer of AN and IA requiring 1–1.5 mol% IA, the terpolymer required an IA content of approximately 2.5 mol% for optimum thermal stability. The polymer with 90 mol% AN, 2.5 mol% IA and 7.5 mol% MA exhibited reasonably good char‐forming characteristics and thermal stability. The overall crystallinity and crystallite size of the polymers were found to decrease on incorporation of the comonomers. The ‘aromatization index’ of the copolymer increased with the temperature of pyrolysis through re‐organization of the tetrahydropyridine ladder structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analysis of polar compound classes in SRC-II liquids: Comparison of non-aqueous titrametric,i.r. spectrometric and h.p.l.c. methods

Results for various types of polar compounds in SRC-11 coal-derived liquids and other fuels were obtained by one or more of the three analytical methods: non-aqueous titration, i.r. spectroscopy and h.p.l.c. Practical aspects as well as precision, accuracy and assumptions necessary for effective application of each of the methods are discussed. H.p.l.c. is applicable to the widest variety of compound types, is the most rapid, most sensitive and shows the best promise for increased development and improvement. Application and development of these techniques is a logical step toward improving process monitoring, catalyst development, toxicological screening and general fuel analysis.     

Experimental Investigation of FRP-Strengthened RC Beam-Column Joints

The results of a comprehensive experimental program, aimed at providing a fundamental understanding of the behavior of shear-critical exterior reinforced concrete (RC) joints strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) under simulated seismic load, are presented in this study. The role of various parameters on the effectiveness of FRP is examined through 2/3-scale testing of 18 exterior RC joints. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of certain load versus imposed displacement response characteristics, comprising the strength (maximum lateral load), the stiffness, and the cumulative energy dissipation capacity. The results demonstrate the important role of mechanical anchorages in limiting premature debonding, and they provide important information on the role of various parameters, including: area fraction of FRP; distribution of FRP between the beam and the column; column axial load; internal joint (steel) reinforcement; initial damage; carbon versus glass fibers; sheets versus strips; and effect of transverse beams.