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991.
The genesis of polyaniline nanotubes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aniline has been oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in 0.4 M acetic acid. Protons are produced in the course of oxidation and the pH decreases as the reaction proceeds. The oxidation had two subsequent phases: (1) the oxidation of the neutral aniline molecules and the initially produced low-molecular weight aniline oligomers at low acidity, followed by (2) the oxidation of the anilinium cation after the acidity became higher. The two phases of oxidation gave different products, aniline oligomers with mixed ortho- and para-coupling of aniline molecules, and polyaniline nanotubes, respectively.The aniline oligomers are produced at first at low acidity, pH > 4, some of them as rod-like crystals. The molecular weight of the oligomers has been assessed by gel-permeation chromatography to be of several thousands. The 2-3 wt.% content of sulfur in deprotonated samples suggests that the oxidation products are partly sulfonated. The oxidation of ortho-coupled anilines combined with intramolecular cyclization produces phenazine units or their blocks, as indicated by FTIR spectra. A high-molecular weight polyaniline is produced at pH < 2. The protonation of the intermediate pernigraniline form of polyaniline is a prerequisite for the polymerization.The nano-sized oligomer crystallites serve as starting templates for the nucleation of PANI nanotubes. Further growth of nanotubes proceeds by the self-organization of the phenazine units or their blocks located at the ends of the PANI chains. Polyaniline nanotubes have a typical outer diameter of 100-200 nm, with a wall thickness of 50-100 nm, an inner diameter of 0-100 nm, and a length extending to several micrometres. 相似文献
992.
993.
碳钢贮热水箱长期在30~80°C温变的热水环境中工作,易受到热水及水中杂质的腐蚀。研究了不同温度下Q235钢在自来水及含100μg/mLNaCl的自来水中的腐蚀速率。对裸钢及其涂覆相同厚度的不同涂层──酚醛环氧(自制)、钛纳米聚合物和改性聚乙烯后在70°C自来水中的极化曲线进行了比较。采用动电位扫描极化曲线测量和电化学交流阻抗谱法(EIS)分别对涂覆不同涂层的Q235钢进行了耐蚀性能研究。结果表明,3种防腐涂层均具有较佳的抗热水性,耐蚀能力较强,适宜对Q235钢贮热水箱进行防护。 相似文献
994.
本文采用8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(HQS)为柱前衍生试剂,用含有10mmol·L-1的四丁基溴化铵(TBA+Br-)、7.5×10-5mol·L-1的EDTA和20mmol·L-1的pH5.6乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液的甲醇-水(45:55,V/V)溶液为流动相,以C18硅烷化载体为固定相,16min内分离测定了Co(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)和Pd(Ⅱ)的HQS的配合物、信噪比为3时,检出限分别为:Co(Ⅲ)0.9ppb、Fe(Ⅲ)1.5ppb和Pd(Ⅱ)5.4ppb,方法灵敏度高,干扰少,用于测定试剂级盐酸,硝酸和中国红茶样品中的这些离子,结果良好。 相似文献
995.
采用Nova-Pak C18不锈钢色谱柱进行反相液相色谱分析,以甲醇:水=65:35(V/V)为注动相,以邻苯二甲醇二乙酯为内标物,用内标法测定田草灵除草剂中苄嘧黄隆和异丙甲草胺的含量,结果表明,各有效成分与内标物色谱峰分离完全,杂质无干扰,测定结果,苄嘧黄隆和异丙甲草胺的变异系数分别为0.74%和1.07%,回收率分别为99.4% ̄100.8%和99.1% ̄101.3%。 相似文献
996.
Pulp fibers can be spouted in water in a conical vessel. The entities which are spouted are fiber flocs rather than individual fibers. Synthetic fibers, which do not flocculate, cannot be spouted. For comparison, rigid spherical particles were spouted with water in the same conical vessel. Liquid spouting of rigid particles was similar to gaseous spouting. For pulp spouting, the minimum spouting velocity is proportional to the mass of fibers in the bed and inversely proportional to the diameter of the inlet. For rigid particles, the minimum spouting velocity is proportional to the height of the bed and inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the inlet. A model for the minimum spouting velocity was developed for pulp spouting. 相似文献
997.
A novel method for the preparation of electrically conducting fibers through chemical grafting of electrically conducting polymer onto poly(propylene) (PP) fiber is described. The graft copolymerization of aniline (ANI) was performed in aqueous acidic medium by using a chemical oxidant such as peroxydisulfate (PDS). Grafting occurred with simultaneous homopolymer formation. The content of polyaniline in the backbone fiber was found to vary by varying [monomer], [initiator], and amount of PP fiber. Various graft parameters such as rate of grafting (Rg), % grafting, and % grafting efficiency were evaluated. The rate of homopolymerization (Rh) was also determined. Both Rh and Rg showed first‐order dependency on [ANI], [PDS], and amount of PP fiber variation. The chemical grafting was confirmed by use of cyclic voltammetry and conductivity measurements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3827–3834, 2003 相似文献
998.
999.
Mappings between color spaces are ubiquitous in image processing problems such as gamut mapping, decolorization, and image optimization for color‐blind people. Simple color transformations often result in information loss and ambiguities, and one wishes to find an image‐specific transformation that would preserve as much as possible the structure of the original image in the target color space. In this paper, we propose Laplacian colormaps, a generic framework for structure‐preserving color transformations between images. We use the image Laplacian to capture the structural information, and show that if the color transformation between two images preserves the structure, the respective Laplacians have similar eigenvectors, or in other words, are approximately jointly diagonalizable. Employing the relation between joint diagonalizability and commutativity of matrices, we use Laplacians commutativity as a criterion of color mapping quality and minimize it w.r.t. the parameters of a color transformation to achieve optimal structure preservation. We show numerous applications of our approach, including color‐to‐gray conversion, gamut mapping, multispectral image fusion, and image optimization for color deficient viewers. 相似文献
1000.
通过高分子合金化,以L-S相转化法制备了PVC/PMMA非对称型合金微滤膜,考察了铸膜液结构对微滤膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明:随聚合物浓度、铸膜液温度升高合金膜水通量降低,平均孔径减小;增大PMMA含量,水通量上升,平均孔径增大;随添加剂量的增加,合金膜水通量上升,平均孔径减小. 相似文献