焦化汽柴油加氢捕硅剂的制备及性能评价

目的 脱除焦化汽柴油馏分中的有机硅化合物,避免催化剂硅中毒。方法 以拟薄水铝石粉为载体制备原料,镍钼为活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了加氢捕硅剂,利用N₂吸附脱附、X射线衍射、吡啶红外光谱、扫描电镜等方法对其进行分析表征,并在200 mL加氢中试装置上考查了捕硅剂的脱硅活性和2 000 h活性稳定性。结果 自主开发的捕硅剂比表面积和孔容较高,酸性适宜,活性金属分布均匀,强度满足工业装置装填要求。捕硅剂的脱硅活性较高,在典型的工业条件下,脱硅率>90%,在2 000 h活性稳定性试验过程中,脱硅率稳定>90%,活性稳定性良好,且具有较高的容硅能力。结论 自主开发的捕硅剂具有广阔的工业应用前景,对清洁燃料的生产及保护装置的长周期稳定运行具有十分重要的意义。     

Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick’s features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.     

高强度HPVC材板及其断裂分形的研究

对经硅烷偶联剂处理的碳纤维填充增强HPVc板材的力学性能进行研究,并对拉伸断裂断面的分形维数进行测量分析,详细论述了数盒子法计算分形维数的原理和计算机的模拟过程。结果表明,板材拉伸强度达到100MPa以上,冲击强度为25kJ／m^2,材料拉伸强度与断面视图的分维数呈正线性关系。     

Removal of an Azo Dye from Wastewater through the Use of Two Technologies: Magnetic Cyclodextrin Polymers and Pulsed Light

Water pollution by dyes is a huge environmental problem; there is a necessity to produce new decolorization methods that are effective, cost-attractive, and acceptable in industrial use. Magnetic cyclodextrin polymers offer the advantage of easy separation from the dye solution. In this work, the β-CD-EPI-magnetic (β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin) polymer was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water, and the fraction of non-adsorbed dye was degraded by an advanced oxidation process. The polymer was characterized in terms of the particle size distribution and surface morphology (FE-SEM), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The reported results hint that 0.5 g and pH 5.0 were the best conditions to carry out both kinetic and isotherm models. A 30 min contact time was needed to reach equilibrium with a qmax of 32.0 mg/g. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were involved in the assembly of Direct Red 83:1 onto the magnetic adsorbent. Regarding the isotherms discussed, the Freundlich model correctly reproduced the experimental data so that adsorption was confirmed to take place onto heterogeneous surfaces. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters further demonstrates the spontaneous character of the adsorption phenomena (ΔG° = −27,556.9 J/mol) and endothermic phenomena (ΔH° = 8757.1 J/mol) at 25 °C. Furthermore, a good reusability of the polymer was evidenced after six cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in the adsorption extent (10%) regarding its initial capacity. Finally, the residual dye in solution after treatment with magnetic adsorbents was degraded by using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pulsed light and hydrogen peroxide (343 mg/L); >90% of the dye was degraded after receiving a fluence of 118 J/cm²; the discoloration followed a pseudo first-order kinetics where the degradation rate was 0.0196 cm²/J. The newly synthesized β-CD-EPI-magnetic polymer exhibited good adsorption properties and separability from water which, when complemented with a pulsed light-AOP, may offer a good alternative to remove dyes such as Direct Red 83:1 from water. It allows for the reuse of both the polymer and the dye in the dyeing process.     

Effects of vacancy structural defects on the thermal conductivity of silicon thin films

Vacancy structural defect effects on the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon thin films have been investigated with non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation.The lattice thermal conductivities decrease with increasing vacancy concentration at all temperatures from 300 to 700 K.Vacancy defects decrease the sample thermal conductivity,and the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity becomes less significant as the temperature increases.The molecular dynamics result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis values obtained based on the Boltzmann equation.In addition,theoretical analysis indicates that the reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity with vacancy defects can be explained by the enhanced point-defect scattering due to lattice strain.     

Recent Advances in Porphyrin-Based Systems for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a pivotal role in the development of renewable energy methods, such as water-splitting devices and the use of Zn–air batteries. First-row transition metal complexes are promising catalyst candidates due to their excellent electrocatalytic performance, rich abundance, and cheap price. Metalloporphyrins are a class of representative high-efficiency complex catalysts owing to their structural and functional characteristics. However, OER based on porphyrin systems previously have been paid little attention in comparison to the well-described oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction. Recently, porphyrin-based systems, including both small molecules and porous polymers for electrochemical OER, are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent advances of porphyrin-based systems for electrochemical OER. Firstly, the electrochemical OER for water oxidation is discussed, which shows various methodologies to achieve catalysis from homogeneous to heterogeneous processes. Subsequently, the porphyrin-based catalytic systems for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis including both OER and ORR are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of porphyrin-based catalytic systems for electrochemical OER is briefly prospected.     

煅烧温度对环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响

莫来石多孔陶瓷因其高强度和耐腐蚀等性能得到广泛地应用。然而,由于合成莫来石的原料高岭土的不可再生性及持续上涨的价格,寻找廉价易得的替代原料对于合成莫来石多孔陶瓷迫在眉睫。建筑废弃物的成分与高岭土相似,可作为高岭土的可行替代品之一。以建筑废弃物和Al₂O₃为主要原料,AlF₃为晶须催化剂,B₂O₃为烧结助剂,成功制备了环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷。通过阿基米德排水法、XRD和SEM等表征手段,深入探究了多孔陶瓷的晶相、微观形貌和物理化学特性。同时,研究了煅烧温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响规律及作用机制。结果表明,适当提升煅烧温度有助于莫来石晶须的生成,但过高的温度会导致晶须粗化和晶粒增大。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,莫来石晶须的生长形貌最佳,晶须直径约为0.05—0.1 μm、长度为0.5—1 μm、长径比在15—20之间。随着煅烧温度增加,莫来石多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率不断降低,抗折强度不断增强。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,样品的开口孔隙率达到（61.78±0.72 ）%,抗折强度达到（3.74±0.46） MPa。因此,以建筑废弃物为主要原料可成功制备具有高气孔率的莫来石多孔陶瓷。本研究为建筑废弃物合成莫来石多孔陶瓷提供了可靠的理论支持,对降低生产成本及推动建筑废弃物资源化再利用等有重要理论价值和实际意义。     

多孔材料润湿性设计与油水分离应用研究进展

清洁的水资源对人类社会生产发展至关重要,溢油事故和工业含油废水的排放等对水资源造成严重威胁,因此油水分离技术备受关注。传统的油水分离方法如生物处理、吸附、离心、气体浮选和原位燃烧等,存在程序复杂、能耗高、分离效率低等缺点,亟需开发更加环保高效的新方法。仿生材料的设计与制备是多功能材料的重要研究方向。受荷叶结构与功能启发,基于润湿性能调控的先进多孔材料的设计与开发已成为当前研究的热点之一,并在油水分离领域中展现出巨大的应用潜力。通过调控多孔材料的表面结构和化学状态,可实现对水相和油相的不同分离特性,进而选择性去除或者吸附水相或油相,甚至包括极其稳定的油包水或水包油乳液的分离。全面综述了多孔材料的制备方法,以及其在油水分离领域的最新研究与应用。重点介绍了疏水或超疏水/超亲油的多孔海绵、多孔棉织物、多孔木材、多孔泡沫、多孔气凝胶和多孔陶瓷等先进油水分离材料的制备方法和研究进展,旨在对功能性多孔材料的发展进行回顾和深入探讨,为多孔材料在油水分离方面的研究提供指导。总结了目前多孔材料研究存在的一些问题,探讨了该领域面临的挑战,并对其应用发展趋势进行了展望。