Regime transition in viscous and pseudo viscous systems: A comparative study

A comprehensive quantitative study on the effect of liquid viscosity (1 ≤ µ_L ≤ 1149 mPa‐s) on the local flow phenomena of the gas phase in a small diameter bubble column is performed using ultrafast electron beam X‐ray tomography. The internal dynamic flow structure and the bubble size distribution shows a dual role of the liquid viscosity on the hydrodynamics. Further, the effect of solid concentration (C_s = 0.05, 0.20) on the local flow behavior of the gas phase is studied for the pseudo slurry viscosities similar to the liquid viscosities of the gas–liquid systems. The effects of liquid and pseudo slurry viscosities on flow structure, bubble size distribution, and gas phase distribution are compared. The bubble coalescence is significantly enhanced with the addition of particles as compared to the system without particles for apparently same viscosity. The superficial gas velocity at which transition from homogeneous bubbly to slug flow regime occurs is initiated by the addition of particles as compared to the particle free system for apparently same viscosity. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3079–3090, 2014     

用200 kV高分辨电子显微镜辨认3C-SiC中的硅和碳原子

用200 kV六硼化镧灯丝的高分辨电子显微镜拍摄了外延生长在硅衬底的3C-SiC薄膜的[110]显微像.经过解卷处理和衍射振幅校正,把实验像转换为直接反映晶体投影结构的结构像,近邻Si、C原子柱显现为黑(灰)的像点对,即所谓的哑铃.测量了结构像中不同厚度区域哑铃的灰度变化,分析了哑铃中二个端点的相对灰度值随厚度的变化关系,结合赝弱相位物体近似像衬理论进行分析,辨认出Si与C原子柱.     

基于周期性最大功率点检测的风电机组功率备用控制方法

风电机组通常运行于最大功率输出模式,无法为受扰电网提供紧急功率支撑。稳态时预留部分出力可提高风电机组主动电网支撑能力,为此提出一种基于周期性最大功率点(MPP)检测的风电机组功率备用控制(PRC)方法。通过周期性执行最大功率点跟踪程序检测风电机组实时MPP,一旦检测到MPP即可确定PRC模式参考值并切换为直接功率控制。设置伪单调转速-机械功率曲线使风电机组稳定运行在超速功率备用点,并通过储能装置平抑MPP检测产生的峰值功率波动。仿真结果表明提出的控制方法在定风速和变风速情况下均可以准确控制检测风电机组MPP并实现PRC,并且使得风电机组一次调频效果优于传统PRC。     

伪双能X射线透射系统矫正厚度影响的物质鉴别方法

X射线透视技术已被证实是一种非常有效的安全检查方法.基于这种技术的伪双能X射线透射系统广泛应用于车站、机场等重要场所.伪双能系统的射线源产生的是连续能谱的X射线,因此基于传统双能透射模型的物质鉴别方法由于受到物体的厚度影响而导致准确性的降低.在根据高低能信号的对数比值的基础上,引入X射线的衰减因素到物质属性特征空间中,研究出矫正厚度影响的鉴别方法.实验结果证明在高维特征空间中的物质鉴别方法能够有效提高鉴别结果的准确性.     

澳大利亚/新西兰插头机械强度测试

探讨理解新版澳大利亚/新西兰插头标准针对插销的机械强度测试的方法和目的,并比较不同标准之间和标准新旧版之间的差异。     

伪双站ISAR成像方法研究

提出了基于单站成像系统获取多站逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)重建图像的方法,称其为伪双站ISAR成像法.该方法利用电磁波的多径效应,发射一组电磁波信号可接收到多组回波数据,通过对回波进行信号处理,能够获得比常规单、双站ISAR成像更多的目标有用信息.与常规双站ISAR相比,它的设备大大简化,且避开了双站ISAR成像最难解决的同步技术问题.深入分析了伪双站ISAR成像的几何配置、成像原理、雷达成像平面和坐标变换等问题.仿真实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和成像方法的有效性.     

The pseudo-resonant-nuclide subgroup method based global–local self-shielding calculation scheme

The pseudo-resonant-nuclide subgroup method (PRNSM) based global–local self-shielding calculation scheme is proposed to simultaneously resolve the local self-shielding effects (including spatial self-shielding effect and the resonance interference effect) for large-scale problems in reactor physics calculations. This method splits self-shielding calculation into global calculations and local calculations. The global calculations obtain the Dancoff correction factor for each pin cell by neutron current method. Then an equivalent one-dimensional (1D) cylindrical problem for each pin cell is isolated from the lattice system by preserving Dancoff correction factor. The local calculation is to perform self-shielding calculations of the equivalent 1D cylindrical problem by the PRNSM. The numerical results show that PRNSM obtains accurate spatial dependent self-shielded cross sections and improves the accuracy of dealing with the resonance interference over the conventional Bondarenko iteration method and the resonance interference factor method. Furthermore, because both global and local calculation is linearly proportional to the size of problems, the global–local calculation scheme could be applied to large-scale problems.     

搅拌针形状对搅拌摩擦焊焊缝截面形貌的影响

采用镶嵌异种材料作为标识材料的方法,用不同搅拌针形状的搅拌头,进行了搅拌摩擦焊试验.结果表明,搅拌针形状影响焊缝塑化金属流动的行为,导致焊缝截面形貌发生变化.搅拌针表面的反螺纹使搅拌针周围塑化金属向下流动,迫使搅拌针端部周边金属向上运动,焊核中心处于焊缝横截面下部;正螺纹使搅拌针周围塑化金属向上流动,迫使轴肩下方及周边金属向下运动,焊核中心处于焊缝横截面上部.改变搅拌针形状及长度,可以改变搅拌针下方及附近区域塑化金属的流动形态,从而改变焊缝底部的成形及包铝层进入焊缝的深度.     

多层次结构与半监督学习的谣言检测研究

当前谣言检测工作主要基于监督学习,需要人为标记数据而导致检测具有滞后性。为了充分利用大量的未标记数据,及时检测社交网络中的虚假谣言。提出了一种基于多层次结构与半监督学习谣言检测模型(multi-level semi spuervised graph convolutional neural network, MSGCN)。该模型构建了一种多层次检测模块,基于图卷积网络对有限的标记样本进行训练以提取多层次传播结构特征、扩散结构特征和全局结构特征。其次,引入随机模型扰动集成无标签数据的动态输出进行一致性预测,提出互补伪标签法来获取高质量伪标签数据,并将其加入标记数据扩充样本。最后在有监督交叉熵损失和无监督一致性损失约束下提高模型质量。在公开的Twitter15、Twitter16和Weibo数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出模型在30%标记样本下准确率达到88.3%、90.1%和95.5%,在少量的标记样本下便可达到优异的成绩。     

旋转对非圆形扰流柱排换热影响的数值模拟

对有非圆形叉排扰流柱排的旋转矩形通道的换热旋转效应进行了数值模拟。扰流柱排的几何参数为/=4,/=1.33,/=2.7。来流雷诺数=20000下,旋转数o=0～0.3时对三种不同形状(方形、钻石形和液滴形)的扰流柱旋转矩形通道的换热研究。结果表明:迎风面与背风面的平均数都随着o的增加而增大;钻石形扰流柱排通道的换热最强,其次为方形、液滴形;此外,研究发现随着旋转的增强,矩形通道端壁各段的换热变化呈现出不同的规律,进口区端壁的换热会增强,而扰流柱排区以及尾缘区的换热则先减后增。