不同加工工艺对临安山核桃营养成分的影响

为探明不同加工工艺对临安山核桃营养成分的影响,运用高效液相色谱、气相色谱法分析其营养成分含量。结果表明,不同加工工艺对山核桃粗蛋白含量影响差异不显著;烘煮工艺、干炒工艺熟制山核桃氨基酸总量较生核桃分别下降14.86%和25.95%。其中人体必需氨基酸总量较生核桃分别下降19.69%和29.96%。干炒工艺较烘煮工艺熟制山核桃氨基酸总量下降13.02%,人体必需氨基酸下降12.79%;烘煮工艺、干炒工艺熟制山核桃分别较生山核桃不饱和脂肪酸含量下降6.43%和18.18%,饱和脂肪酸含量上升40.61%和114.70%。      

程序变波长-高效液相色谱法同时测定果蔬中9种防腐剂

建立了柑橘、黄瓜、白菜、西红柿四种果蔬中9种防腐剂（对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、乙萘酚、乙氧基喹、4-苯基苯酚）的程序变波长-高效液相色谱同时测定方法。样品采用乙醚提取,液-液萃取净化,以甲醇-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱（150mm×4.6mm,3.5μm）分离,程序化变波长检测,外标法定量。结果表明,9种防腐剂在0.5¹00.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.9991）;在50、200、500μg/kg三个添加水平下平均回收率为70.7%¹19.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.9%⁹.9%。该方法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于果蔬中多种防腐剂残留的同时测定。      

RP-HPLC测定保加利亚乳杆菌腺苷酸方法的建立与应用

建立适用于测定保加利亚乳杆菌腺苷酸的反相高效液相色谱方法,为评价代谢组学研究中淬灭液的淬灭效果提供方法支持。采用SinoChrom ODS-BPC18色谱柱,甲醇-30mmol/L磷酸钾（V/V=5∶95）缓冲液（pH7.0）作为流动相,流速0.7mL/min,柱温25℃,紫外检测波长254nm。结果表明该方法具有较好的线性和较高的精密度,回收率在94.12%～109.6%之间。利用该方法测定了使用最广泛的60%（v/v）冷甲醇/水溶液淬灭保加利亚乳杆菌的效果,结果发现ATP的泄露率高达70.43%±2.3%,能荷值是0.42±0.015,从而推断该淬灭方案不但会造成胞内代谢物的大量泄漏,而且菌体的代谢反应也没有完全停止,故该淬灭方案不适合保加利亚乳杆菌。      

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定动物源性食品中8种多肽类抗生素

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定动物源性食品中8种多肽类抗生素残留量分析方法。试样经甲醇-水-甲酸（40∶60∶0.1,v/v/v）提取,固相萃取法净化后,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,经C18色谱柱分离后,在正离子扫描模式下,采用选择反应监测（SRM）,外标法定量。结果表明,8种多肽抗生素方法检出限为0.1¹0μg/kg,去甲万古霉素和万古霉素在20¹000μg/L范围内,多粘菌素B和E在40¹000μg/L范围内,杆菌肽A在10¹000μg/L范围内,杆菌肽B在6⁶14μg/L范围内,维吉尼霉素M1和S1在1¹00μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.999,加标回收率为61.0%⁹9.6%,RSD为1.2%⁹.8%。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足动物源性食品中多肽类抗生素残留的同时测定。      

牛干巴中降胆固醇、降亚硝酸盐乳酸菌的分离筛选及其发酵性能

以传统发酵牛干巴作为乳酸菌筛选源,分离出18株乳酸菌,通过OPA法测定降胆固醇能力,盐酸萘乙二胺比色法测定降解亚硝酸盐能力,菌株NR7对胆固醇的清除率是22.61%,培养12 h和24 h亚硝酸盐分别降解了34.177μg/m L和95.82μg/m L,在p H3.0的环境中活菌率达99.50%,对0.3%的胆盐耐受性强。因此,选择NR7作为目的菌株,进一步研究其生产适应性,能够在发酵4 h后使p H迅速降低,能够在15⁴0℃环境条件下生长,能够耐受8%的Na Cl和200 mg/kg的Na NO₂,且真空冷冻干燥后活菌率93.62%,4℃条件下保藏30 d后活菌率可达89.99%。16S rRNA分子生物学鉴定,菌株NR7为植物乳杆菌。      

国省道沥青路面使用性能模型

为实现国省道沥青路面的使用性能评价,采用路面状况指数模型P=P₀{1-exp[-(α/y)^β]},对该模型中α、β参数确定方法进行了研究.以山东省为例,对近10 a来国省道沥青路面结构、交通资料、养护历史等方面进行了全面调研,通过分析沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数对沥青路面使用性能的影响,建立了α、β与沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数间关系式.通过分析土基和基层结构的承载能力,对α提出了综合修正方法,所建立的α、β表达式简洁适用,可方便分析某沥青层厚度和交通水平下沥青路面的性能变化规律,为国省道的路面结构性能评价和建设养护投资决策提供指导.     

Red and Blue Light Differently Influence Actinidia chinensis Performance and Its Interaction with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae

Light composition modulates plant growth and defenses, thus influencing plant–pathogen interactions. We investigated the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) red (R) (665 nm) and blue (B) (470 nm) light combinations on Actinidia chinensis performance by evaluating biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and photosynthesis-related gene expression. Moreover, the influence of light on the infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the etiological agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, was investigated. Our study shows that 50%R–50%B (50R) and 25%R–75%B (25R) lead to the highest PSII efficiency and photosynthetic rate, but are the least effective in controlling the endophytic colonization of the host by Psa. Monochromatic red light severely reduced ΦPSII, ETR, Pn, TSS and photosynthesis-related genes expression, and both monochromatic lights lead to a reduction of DW and pigments content. Monochromatic blue light was the only treatment significantly reducing disease symptoms but did not reduce bacterial endophytic population. Our results suggest that monochromatic blue light reduces infection primarily by modulating Psa virulence more than host plant defenses.     

Rapid Detection of Fusarium oxysporum Using Insulated Isothermal PCR and a Rapid,Simple DNA Preparation Protocol

We developed an insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) method for the efficient and rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), which is a fungus that infects various hosts and causes severe crop losses. The Fo iiPCR method was sensitive enough to detect up to 100 copies of standard DNA template and 10 fg of Fo genomic DNA. In addition, it could directly detect 1 pg of mycelium and 10 spores of Fo without DNA extraction. Our study compared the performance of Fo iiPCR to that of three published in planta molecular detection methods—conventional PCR, SYBR green-based real-time PCR, and hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR—in field detection of Fo. All diseased field samples yielded positive detection results with high reproducibility when subjected to an Fo iiPCR test combined with a rapid DNA extraction protocol compared to Fo iiPCR with an automated magnetic bead-based DNA extraction protocol. Intraday and interday assays were performed to ensure the stability of this new rapid detection method. The results of detection of Fo in diseased banana pseudostem samples demonstrated that this new rapid detection method was suitable for field diagnosis of Fusarium wilt and had high F1 scores for detection (the harmonic mean of precision and recall of detection) for all asymptomatic and symptomatic Fo-infected banana samples. In addition, banana samples at four growth stages (seedling, vegetative, flowering and fruiting, and harvesting) with mild symptoms also showed positive detection results. These results indicate that this new rapid detection method is a potentially efficient procedure for on-site detection of Fo.     

Effects of Alhagi Honey Polysaccharides as Feed Supplement on Intestine Function and Microbiome,Immune Function,and Growth Performance in Chicken

Hy-Line Brown chickens’ health is closely related to poultry productivity and it is mainly maintained by the immune system, healthy intestinal function, and microflora of chicken. Polysaccharides are biological macromolecules with a variety of activities that can be used as a potential prebiotic to improve poultry health. In this experiment, the function of Alhagi honey polysaccharides (AH) as an immunomodulator on the chicken was investigated. All chicken (120) were randomly distributed to four groups (five replicas/group, six hens/replica). A total of 0.5 mL water was taken orally by the chicken in control group. AH (0.5 mL) in different concentrations (three dosages, 0.3 g/kg, 0.6 g/k, and 1.2 g/kg) were used for the AH-0.3 g/kg, AH-0.6 g/k, and AH-1.2 g/kg group, respectively. The results showed that the growth performance of the chickens and the index of immune organs (the weight of immune organs/the body weight) were enhanced significantly after being AH-treated (p < 0.05). The content of sIgA and cytokines was upregulated remarkably in the intestine after being AH-treated (p < 0.05). The AH treatment significantly enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier (p < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the ileum, spleen, and serum were obviously upscaled (p < 0.05). In addition, the AH treatment significantly enhanced the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and improved the structure of gut microbiota (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that AH-1.2g/kg was the best dosage to improve the chicken’s health, and these data demonstrated that AH could be used as a potential tool to enhance growth performance through improving intestine function, immunity, and gut microbiome in chicken.     

巨野矿区煤自燃特性及动力学研究

为有效防止煤炭自燃,以5种不同类型的表面活性剂为基础,2种高分子聚合物为改性添加剂,研制出发泡倍数高、稳定性强、润湿性好的凝胶泡沫,并进行发泡性能和高温阻燃特性测试。研究结果表明：在发泡性能方面,当表面活性剂A与B的质量比为1∶2、总质量浓度为6 g/L,聚合物X的质量浓度为3 g/L时,制备的凝胶泡沫性能最佳;在高温阻燃方面,与原始煤样比较,经凝胶泡沫处理后的煤样点燃时间由27 s延长至334 s,热释放速率峰值从68.08 kW/m²降低至38.46 kW/m²,1 200 s内的总热释放量由41.98 MJ/m²降低至37.12 MJ/m²,阻燃效果显著。