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121.
Saleh Al-Sayari Albert F. Carley Stuart H. Taylor Graham J. Hutchings 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,44(1-2):123-128
The preparation of Au/ZnO and Au/Fe2O3 catalysts using two coprecipitation methods is investigated to determine the important factors that control the synthesis
of high activity catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature. In particular, the factors involved
in the preparation of catalysts that are active without the need for a calcination step are evaluated. The two preparation
methods differ in the manner in which the pH is controlled during the precipitation, either constant pH throughout or variable
pH in which the pH is raised from an initial low value to a defined end point. Non-calcined Au/ZnO catalysts prepared using
both methods are very sensitive to pH and ageing time, and catalysts prepared at a maximum pH = 5 with a short ageing time
(ca. 0–3 h) exhibit high activity. Catalysts prepared at higher pH give lower activity. However, all catalysts require a short
operation period during which the oxidation activity increases. In contrast, the calcined catalysts are not particularly sensitive
to the preparation conditions. Non-calcined Au/Fe2O3 catalysts exhibit high activity when prepared at pH ≥ 5. Calcined Au/Fe2O3 prepared using the controlled pH method retain high activity, whereas calcined catalysts prepared using the variable pH method
are inactive. The study shows the immense sensitivity of the catalyst performance to the preparation methods. It is therefore
not surprising that marked differences in the performance of supported Au catalysts for CO oxidation that are apparent in
the extensive literature on this subject, particularly the effect of calcination, can be expected if the preparation parameters
are not carefully controlled and reported. 相似文献
122.
In situ synchrotron X-ray studies on copper-nickel 5 V Mn oxide spinel cathodes for Li-ion batteries
Partial substitution of Mn in lithium manganese oxide spinel materials by Cu and Ni greatly affects the electrochemistry and the cycle life characteristics of the cathode. Substitution with either metal or a combination of both metals in the spinel lattice structure reduces the 3.9-4.2 V potential plateaus associated with the conversion of Mn3+ to Mn4+. Higher potential plateau associated with oxidation of the substituted transition elements is also observed. These substituents also significantly alter the onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau. Synchrotron based in situ X-ray absorption (XAS) was used to determine the exact nature of the oxidation state changes in order to explain the overall observed capacities at different potential plateaus. The studies on LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4 show single phase behavior in the 4-5 V potential region with a good cycle life. Lower cycle life characteristic observed in cycling LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNi0.25Cu0.25Mn1.5O4 versus Li metal are ascribed to coexistence of several phases in this potential region. However, LiCu0.5Mn1.5O4 shows onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau, in contrast to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNi0.25Cu0.25Mn1.5O4 cathode materials. 相似文献
123.
三盐基硫酸铅的生产工艺条件研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了氧化铅法中硝酸铅法生产三盐基硫酸铅两种生产工艺 ,对氧化铅法中硫酸的加入量、酸度、温度、时间等生产条件进行了研究 ,确定了最佳生产工艺条件 ,并对两种方法进行了简单对比 相似文献
124.
Borgna A. Le Normand F. Garetto T. Apesteguia C. R. Moraweck B. 《Catalysis Letters》1992,13(3):175-188
The effect of an oxidative atmosphere (300 °C) is studied on fresh and sintered unchlorinated naphtha reforming catalysts containing 0.6–1% Pt. The TPR profiles show that only one species is formed using our experimental conditions, regardless of the mean crystallite size of the metal particles. The structural information supplied by EXAFS compared with cuboctahedral particle modeling, implies that such species is a surface platinum oxide, the structure of which is close to that of PtO2, but largely distorted. This is true whether the catalyst is sintered or not. 相似文献
125.
氧化铁生产废液的治理和利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氧化铁生产产生的含铁硫酸铵废液和洗涤废水中含有铁、硫酸根、铵等离子。采用化学沉淀、过滤、蒸发等方法处理该废水可回收废水中的硫酸铵、氧化铁、处理后的废水可回用于生产。 相似文献
126.
为提高石蜡相变乳液的传热性能,通过添加氧化石墨烯(GO),制备了GO/石蜡复合相变乳液并对其相关性能进行了表征。搭建了流动阻力、对流换热试验台,对比研究了石蜡相变乳液及GO/石蜡复合相变乳液的流动阻力特性和对流换热特性,试验结果表明,由于GO的亲水性,复合相变乳液都表现出较好的稳定性。当GO的质量分数为0.01%、0.02%、0.03%时,复合相变乳液的热导率分别增加了20.01%、30.50%、35.18%。添加GO使乳液的流动阻力略有增加,直管段最大增加了6.70%,90°弯管处最大增加了13.20%;对流传热系数随着GO浓度的增加而增大,当GO浓度为0.03%时,对流传热系数最大提高了43.90%。 相似文献
127.
综述了过去3年来国内外环氧乙烷生产及其精深加工产业现状和发展趋势,并初步探讨了我国今后环氧乙烷及其精深加工产业的发展趋势。 相似文献
128.
Dale A. Creaser Philip G. Harrison M. A. Morris B. A. Wolfindale 《Catalysis Letters》1994,23(1-2):13-24
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to examine the nature of the oxide overlayers on a passivated cerium metal foil as a function of a variety of oxidation and reduction treatments. Oxidation of a clean uncontaminated cerium(III) oxide surface is facile at room temperature and produces non-stoichiometric ceria (CeO2–x) at oxygen doses as low as 10 L. At higher doses the overlayer thickens, and after a dose of 160 L the layer depth exceeds the Ce 3d photoelectron attenuation distance of about 20 Å. High pressure treatment of the foil in oxygen (0.5 bar at RT and 473 K) produces CeO2 in a high degree of crystallographic order such that O 1s photoelectron intensities are increased above that expected from a randomly oriented powder. An attempt to reduce the CeO2 layer formed by controlled oxidation with CO (633 K, 14 h, 0.6 bar) results in the formation of a carbonated surface layer. Results following attempts to reoxidise this layer are discussed. 相似文献
129.
氧化钕填充尼龙6的结晶行为 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了氧化钕(Nd2O3)对尼龙6(PA6)等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明,Nd2O3在PA6体系中起到了异相成核作用,提高了PA6的晶体增长速率。 相似文献
130.
Selective gas transport in miscible PPO-PS blends 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The permeation rates of He, CO2 and CH4 though miscible blends of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) at 35°C are reported as a function of pressure. Sorption isotherms for CO2 and CH4 are also presented. By using ratios of the permeabilities of the pure gases the separation factors for the gas pairs He---CH4 and CO2---CH4 can be estimated. For both pairs the estimated separation factor goes through a prominent maximum, thus indicating that these blends are more permselective than expected from the behaviour of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide). This stems from mobility considerations rather than solubility effects and a qualitative free volume argument is proposed as an explanation. The sorption and transport data have been interpreted and correlated using the dual sorption-mobility models developed previously for glassy polymers. Since the commercial polystyrene used contained a small amount of mineral oil to improve flow behaviour, the effect of this additive on polystyrene properties was explored in some detail. 相似文献