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101.
L. L. Yaw N. Sukumar S. K. Kunnath 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2009,79(8):979-1003
In this paper, a meshfree co‐rotational formulation for two‐dimensional continua is proposed. In a co‐rotational formulation, the motion of a body is separated into rigid motion and strain‐producing deformation. Traditionally, this has been done in the setting of finite elements for beams and shell‐type elements. In the present work every node in a meshfree discretized domain has its own co‐rotating coordinate system. Three key ingredients are established in order to apply the co‐rotational formulation: (i) the relationship between global and local variables, (ii) the angle of rotation of a typical co‐rotating coordinate system, and (iii) a variationally consistent tangent stiffness matrix. An algorithm for the co‐rotational formulation based on load control is provided. Maximum‐entropy basis functions are used to discretize the domain and stabilized nodal integration is implemented to construct the global system of equations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the meshfree co‐rotational formulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
Yamanaka N Aoyama T Ikeda N Higashihara M Kamata K 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2005,9(3):303-308
Entropy (ENT) is a newly developed measure of the complexity of heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of this study was to characterize the complexity of HRV in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to find a possible clinical utility. Healthy subjects and patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD) were recruited. The HD population consisted of patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). An electrocardiogram was recorded before HD, and blood pressure was measured during HD. The coefficients of variation of R-R intervals, high- and low-frequency components, and ratio of the low- to high-frequency components were measured as variables of HRV. The ENT was used to describe the complexity of HRV. Forty-six healthy subjects and 27 HD patients participated in this study. The ENT negatively correlated with the duration of DM (p = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), and mean blood pressure (p = 0.004) before a HD session. ENT in HD patients was lower than that in healthy subjects (p < 0.01). ENT in HD patients with DM was lower than that in HD patients without DM (p < 0.01). The change in systolic blood pressure (DeltaSBP) during a HD session showed high correlations to ENT and ultrafiltration rate (UFR) of the dialyzer. The following equation was obtained: DeltaSBP = 2.25 x ENT - 2.28 x UFR - 21.27 (R2 = 0.805; p < 0.0001). ENT decreased with uremic and diabetic status. ENT also represents a possible prediction of hypotension during a HD session. 相似文献
103.
104.
A method for determination of trace rare earth elements in biological sample by ICP-AES withtungsten-spiral electrothermal vaporization(TETV-ICP-AES)sampling has been developed in this work.Several influencing factors including desolvation and vaporization parameters,carrier gas flow rate and ma-trix effect were investigated in detail.Under optimal experimental conditions,the detection limits for La,Nd,Gd,Dy,Ho,Yb,Lu and Y were obtained in the range of 10~(-9)～10~(-11) g,and they are comparable to and,inmost instances,better than those for the GFAAS and conventional pneumatic nebulisation-ICP-AES.Theprecision(RSD)obtained for this method is less than 6%. 相似文献
105.
Jong‐Wuu Wu Hai‐Lin Lu Chong‐Hong Chen Chun‐Hsien Wu 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2004,20(6):607-616
This paper proposes a simple and exact method for conducting a statistical test about the shape parameter of the new two‐parameter lifetime distribution with a bathtub‐shaped or increasing failure rate function, as well as an exact confidence interval for the same parameter. The necessary critical values of the test are given. The method provided in this paper can be used for type II right censored data. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation and an example are used to compare this new method to the existing approach of Chen (Statistics and Probability Letters 2000; 49:155–161). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
A multicriteria maximum-entropy approach to the joint layout, pipe size and reliability optimization of water distribution systems is presented. The capital cost of the system is taken as the principal criterion, and so the trade-offs between cost, entropy, reliability and redundancy are examined sequentially in a large population of optimal solutions. The novelty of the method stems from the use of the maximum-entropy value as a preliminary filter, which screens out a large proportion of the candidate layouts at an early stage of the process before the designs and their reliability values are actually obtained. This technique, which is based on the notion that the entropy is potentially a robust hydraulic reliability measure, contributes greatly to the efficiency of the proposed method. The use of head-dependent modelling for simulating pipe failure conditions in the reliability calculations also complements the method in locating the Pareto-optimal front. The computational efficiency, robustness, accuracy and other advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by application to a sample network. 相似文献
107.
Gregory L. Boylan Byung Rae Cho 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2012,28(3):249-264
Continuous quality improvement is an effort to improve the quality of products, processes, or services. A program intended to effectively implement such efforts begins with the collection and analysis of data. The primary purpose of the normal probability plot, which is one of the most frequently used graphical tools by quality practitioners and researchers, is for normality testing; however, the plot offers other valuable insights into data analysis that have rarely been addressed in the research community. This article provides an overview of distributional characteristics in the context of the four sample moments and investigates how variations in these moments affect the normal probability plot, focusing primarily on the presence of skewness and kurtosis and the effects of variability. This article then lays out a comprehensive analysis of how various statistical characteristics within a data set can influence the shape and corresponding properties of a normal probability plot, demonstrating how variations in the characteristics of the data can reveal or mask the degree of concavity, convexity, or the S shape in the plot, as well as the spread of the data about the mean and in the tails. This can provide engineers with a better understanding of the ways in which data “communicate” through the plot, thereby providing a better basis for initial assumptions, as well as facilitating more accurate model estimation and optimization results thereafter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
《Quality Engineering》2012,24(2):230-252
ABSTRACTTesting programs exist to establish initial estimates of reliability for strategic weapon systems and to determine significant changes in reliability. The methods to determine the appropriate sample sizes are based on one- and two-sample estimates of proportions. There are guidelines that exist that provide specific methods to determine sample sizes for strategic weapons systems. The methods used are considered to be quite conservative, and this article investigates alternative approaches for both initial and follow-on test sizing for weapon system reliability estimates. The methods are compared through Monte Carlo simulation. 相似文献
109.
110.
Wei‐Yeh Tang Ming‐Hao Chuang Hsuan‐You Chen Jien‐Wei Yeh 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2009,11(10):788-794