Interactions between dietary fibre-rich preparations and glycoconjugated bile acids in vitro

Binding in small intestine and excretion of bile acids constitute a major hypocholesterolemic pathway. Interactions between different types of commercial and laboratory-made dietary fibres and glycoconjugated bile acids were investigated in vitro at pH 5.0 and 6.5. The interactions were greater at the lower pH and with dihydroxy-bile acids. Digested cereal products (barley, oat, rye and wheat flour; oat bran), alcohol-insoluble substances from apples, strawberries, rowan berries, carrots, white cabbage, red beets and sugar beet pulp, as well as arabinoxylan, bound 1.21–1.77 μmol bile acids/100 mg of preparation at pH 5.0. Novelose bound approximately 0.65 μmol bile acids/100 mg. Carob fibre had the highest binding capacity (1.83–1.96 μmol bile acids/100 mg) whereas cellulose had no effect. Besides the source and chemical composition, the bile acid binding correlated especially well with the presence of three-dimensional cell wall structures of the tested preparations but less well with the proportions of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre.     

星载AIS接收链路设计与仿真

分析和论证了自动识别系统(AIS)在低轨卫星中应用所涉及的相关问题,阐述了AIS系统特征 ,理论分析了低轨卫星与目标船舶的作用距离、低轨卫星的运行周期、多普勒频移对星载AI S通信的影响,并对星载接收链路进行了预计,给出了星载AIS接收机的实现方案。最后,对 相关理论结果进行了仿真。     

Effect of weight,height and BMI on injury outcome in side impact crashes without airbag deployment

A comprehensive analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of occupants on side impact injuries at different body regions. The accident dataset for this study is based on the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for accident year 2000–08. The mean BMI values for driver and front passenger are estimated from all types of crashes using NASS database, which clearly indicates that mean BMI has been increasing over the years in the USA. To study the effect of BMI in side impact injuries, BMI was split into three groups namely (1) thin (BMI < 21), (2) normal (BMI 24–27), (3) obese (BMI > 30). For more clear identification of the effect of BMI in side impact injuries, a minimum gap of three BMI is set in between each adjacent BMI groups. Car model years from MY1995–1999 to MY2000–2008 are chosen in order to identify the degree of influence of older and newer generation of cars in side impact injuries. Impact locations particularly side-front (F), side-center (P) and side-distributed (Y) are chosen for this analysis. Direction of force (DOF) considered for both near side and far side occupants are 8 o’clock, 9 o’clock, 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock, 3 o’clock and 4 o’clock respectively. Age <60 years is also one of the constraints imposed on data selection to minimize the effect of bone strength on the occurrence of occupant injuries. AIS2+ and AIS3+ injury risk in all body regions have been plotted for the selected three BMI groups of occupant, delta-V 0–60 kmph, two sets (old and new) of car model years. The analysis is carried with three approaches: (a) injury risk percentage based on simple graphical method with respect to a single variable, (b) injury distribution method where the injuries are marked on the respective anatomical locations and (c) logistic regression, a statistical method, considers all the related variables together. Lower extremity injury risk appears to be high for thin BMI group. It is found that BMI does not have much influence on head injuries but it is influenced more by the height of the occupant. Results of logistic analysis suggest that BMI, height and weight may have significant contribution towards side impact injuries across different body regions.     

只收不发--AIS技术在舰船上的应用

在分析和讨论了通导设备AIS的发射技术的基础上,分别就时分多址、时域和频域层面说明信道的有限性和电磁辐射特性。然后针对船舶终端的只收不发的需求,提出三个解决方案。     

Traffic simulation based ship collision probability modeling

Maritime traffic poses various risks in terms of human, environmental and economic loss. In a risk analysis of ship collisions, it is important to get a reasonable estimate for the probability of such accidents and the consequences they lead to. In this paper, a method is proposed to assess the probability of vessels colliding with each other. The method is capable of determining the expected number of accidents, the locations where and the time when they are most likely to occur, while providing input for models concerned with the expected consequences. At the basis of the collision detection algorithm lays an extensive time domain micro-simulation of vessel traffic in the given area. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied to obtain a meaningful prediction of the relevant factors of the collision events. Data obtained through the Automatic Identification System is analyzed in detail to obtain realistic input data for the traffic simulation: traffic routes, the number of vessels on each route, the ship departure times, main dimensions and sailing speed. The results obtained by the proposed method for the studied case of the Gulf of Finland are presented, showing reasonable agreement with registered accident and near-miss data.     

基于免疫算法优化的乳腺肿瘤图像识别

提出了一套结合特征筛选及参数设定的方法,使用支持向量机来辨别肿瘤良恶性,并利用人工免疫算法进行特征筛选及决定支持向量机的参数。针对由PHILIPS ATL HDI 3000超声波扫描仪获得的220幅图片的处理结果显示,在此所提出的方法能使乳房肿瘤的分类正确率达到95.71%,并大幅缩短支持向量机的训练时间。     

基于卡尔曼滤波算法船舶AIS轨迹估计研究

AIS是集船舶导航、避碰、海事监管于一体的现代化无线电系统,在水上交通运输领域里发挥着重要作用。为了弥补AIS数据堵塞等原因导致更新数据不及时,造成船舶轨迹的不准确或者误差较大的问题,提出利用对卡尔曼滤波算法进行适当的修改,引入系统噪声和测量噪声,利用AIS船舶观测节点数据对系统状态做最小二乘法估计,对船舶运动轨迹进行平滑和预测,并对不同时间段可靠性误差进行分析,能够比较正确地估计出船舶轨迹。     

应用于DM648的FLASH自动加载实现方法

为实现DSP嵌入式系统的应用程序自动加载功能,提出了基于TI公司的TMS320DM648的NOR Flash自动加载实现方法.首先对启动过程进行了分析,给出了用户加载程序的编写方法.在此基础上,根据公共目标文件格式和应用镜像脚本两种文件格式的说明,设计出公共目标文件格式到应用镜像脚本转换程序,生成可用于FLASH烧写的文件.最后在TMS320DM648核心板上实现了在CCS环境下对Flash编程和程序自动加载,证明该方法有效可行.     

船舶自动识别系统（AIS）VHF接收机的设计

VHF接收机是船载自动识别系统(AIS)的关键部件之一,其性能直接影响到AIS系统自组织组网的优劣、接收船舶的数目多少及所能接收到最远船只的距离远近。本文根据国际海事组织(IMO)有关标准,给出了一种船舶自动识别系统中VHF接收机的设计方案。文中简介了接收机的工作原理,给出了基于MAX2306的VHF接收机的硬件和软件设计。实验测试和实际应用表明该接收机的接收灵敏度、邻信道选择性等都已达到规定的要求,并且该接收机结构简单、性能稳定,易于批量化生产。     

基于人工免疫系统的RFID数据过滤模型研究*

为了避免感染计算机病毒或者包含恶意代码等不良信息的电子标签对RFID应用系统运行效率的影响,采用人工免疫系统的多层过滤机制建立了面向RFID数据中不良信息的过滤模型,模型的实施包括数据预处理、多层过滤器的生成与衰亡、过滤器的应用及进化。实验结果表明,该模型有较高的召回率和正确率,这说明了基于人工免疫系统的RFID数据过滤模型具有动态性和自适应强的优点,并为特定领域的信息分类问题解决提供了参考。