A field evaluation of real-life motor vehicle accidents: Presence of unrestrained objects and their association with distribution and severity of patient injuries

Moving objects may pose an added threat to car occupants in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). However, to our knowledge, there have only been two case studies published on the subject. For the present study, accident reports and photo documentation from MVAs were collected on-scene by dedicated paramedics. Emergency medical service personnel on-scene were interviewed as necessary. Potentially harmful unrestrained objects in the involved motor vehicles (MVs) were identified and categorised by type, weight and hardness. Seatback offset by unrestrained objects was noted. The patient injury distribution (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) body regions) and severity (AIS severity scores and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) scores) were retrospectively determined from hospital and autopsy records, and their potential relationship to unrestrained objects was explored. A total of 190 accidents involving 338 MVs and 618 individuals were included. In total, 327 individuals (53%) were injured, and 61 (10%) died. 37 of 61 were not autopsied. The mean NISS was 17 (median 8, interquartile range (IQR) 1–27). Unrestrained objects were reported for 133 motor vehicles (39%) involving 293 individuals. 35% of the unrestrained objects found in the passenger compartment weighed >2 kg. In the boot, 32% of objects weighed >20 kg. Seatback offset associated with unrestrained objects was found for 45 individuals (15%). Unrestrained objects originally located in the boot (heavy luggage, groceries and tyres were the most frequently reported) had moved into the passenger compartment on impact in 27 cases, 24 of which were associated with seatback offset. An in-depth analysis was performed on 24 patients whose injuries were highly likely to be associated with unrestrained objects, as indicated by accident reports and medical documentation. Nineteen (79%) were involved in frontal collisions, and 12 (50%) died on-scene. The mean NISS was 51.7 (median 51, IQR 27–75) in the 17 (71%) patients with seatback offset and 37.2 (median 41, IQR 22.5–50) in the 7 (29%) without seatback offset. Seatback offset was associated with more severe head and thoracic injuries and an increased incidence of abdominal and pelvic injuries. Patients injured by unrestrained objects while sitting in unharmed car seats predominantly suffered head, cervical spine and thoracic injuries. Our results indicate a need for public information campaigns. The development of car backseats that can better sustain hits from heavy objects in the cargo boot is an important area for the motor vehicle production industry to explore.     

AIS个人搜救示位标的研究及应用

随着海上交通事故的频繁发生，快速准确的搜救落水人员变得愈加重要。本文主要介绍了AIS个人搜救示位标的概念、组成、性能指标和工作方式，并制作AIS个人搜救示位标样机实际演示其在海上搜救方面的应用。结果表明：AIS个人搜救示位标在海上搜救方面表现稳定可靠。     

试论PASS装置在变电站建设与改造中的地位和价值

通过对目前国内主要流行的三种不同的变电站实现模式的设昏性能、特点和安装使用情况进行分析和比较，特别是运用价值工程原理对三种实现方式进行成本核算，认为PASS装置能很好的解决变电站新（改、扩）建过程中的性价比，可以作为设备选型和设计方案的首选之一。为实现真正意义上的无人变电站提供了一种非常好的选择。     

Blind separation of partially overlapping data packets

The paper discusses the separation of partially overlapping data packets by an antenna array in narrowband communication systems. This problem occurs in asynchronous communication systems and several transponder systems such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for wireless tags, Automatic Identification System (AIS) for ships, and Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance—Broadcast (ADS—B) for aircraft. Partially overlapping data packages also occur as inter-cell interference in mutually unsynchronized communication systems. Arbitrary arrival times of the overlapping packets cause nonstationary scenarios and makes it difficult to identify the signals using standard blind beamforming techniques. After selecting an observation interval, we propose subspace-based algorithms to suppress partially present (interfering) packets, as a preprocessing step for existing blind beamforming algorithms that assume stationary (fully overlapping) sources. The proposed algorithms are based on a subspace intersection, computed using a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) or a generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD). In the second part of the paper, the algorithm is refined using a recently developed subspace estimation tool, the Signed URV algorithm, which is closely related to the GSVD but can be computed non-iteratively and allows for efficient subspace tracking. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the performance of classical algorithms designed for block stationary scenarios in cases where asynchronous co-channel interference is present. An example on experimental data from the AIS ship transponder system confirms the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in a real application.     

基于TMS320C6727的串行自动加载和二次加载技术（李薇约）

近年来,DSP被广泛用于扬声系统和扩声系统系统,其能高效的完成音频信号的采集、滤波、分频、均衡、抗噪和抑制反馈等,这使得音频工作者在声音处理上取得了突破性的进步。而自动加载外部存储器中的应用程序是DSP开发过程中的一项关键技术。本文基于新型的音频处理芯片TMS320C6727介绍一种高速的串行加载技术,且打破传统自动加载对程序大小的限制,介绍了二次加载技术。     

Incidence and risk factors of severe traumatic brain injury resulting from road accidents: a population-based study

A population-based study was carried out in 1996-2001 to provide the incidence and to identify the risk factors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from a road accident. The severe TBI was defined as an injury to the brain or the skull, excluding scalp injuries, with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) severity score greater than 2. The severe TBI of 1238 patients were described. The annual incidence and mortality of severe TBI were, respectively, 13.7 per 100,000 and 5.3 per 100,000. The fatality rate increased from 20% in childhood to 71% over 75-year-old. Compared to restrained car occupants, the odds ratio for having a severe TBI was 18.1 (95% confidence interval, CI=12.8-25.5) for un-helmeted motorcyclists, 9.2 (95% CI=7.5-11.3) for pedestrians, 6.4 (95% CI=4.7-8.8) for un-helmeted cyclists, 3.9 (95% CI=3.1-4.8) for unrestrained car occupants and 2.8 (95% CI=2.2-3.5) for helmeted motorcyclists. Even after adjustment for several severity factors, male gender and age above 55 were both risk factors. Prevention programs aiming at improving the head protection should be promoted. The circumstances of the accident should be taken into account to predict a severe TBI.     

探讨GIS、HGIS在发电厂配电装置的应用

本文阐述了GIS及HGIS的概念，介绍了GIS及HGIS的技术特点、先进性及工程应用情况。通过与传统敞开式配电装置（AIS）的综合技术经济性能比较，并结合工程的具体情况，说明了GIS及HGIS的高可靠性及技术先进性。是值得在发电厂配电装置中广泛应用的开关设备。     

定位系统在智能交通系统中的应用

文章讨论了智能交通系统（ITS）以及定位系统在ITS中的作用。目前存在两类不同的定位系统,第一类是基于卫星的定位系统,第二类是基于地面的定位系统,每类系统各有其特点。首先讨论这两类系统在成本、精度和覆盖范围方面的特性,然后介绍系统的主要类型以及在移动通信网络中的定位技术。最后,介绍了两类定位系统相结合的定位技术A-GPS。     

影响曼谷AIS公司基于客户行为的CRM效能的几个因子(英文)

关系营销对很多公司来说都是新理念。在很多国家,关系型的交换已取代交易型的交换成为规范。本文主要是测试一个客户关系管理模型,通过研究下列影响曼谷AIS公司基于客户行为的CRM效能的几个因子及它们之间的相互关系来进行,这几个因子分别是:服务质量,客户价值,客户满意度,以及品牌忠诚度。研究表明AIS公司应该致力于改进其服务质量中的移情性维度。同时,AIS如欲在将来市场成功,则应该增加其功能价值,并减少客户付出感知。     

朗讯OLS1．6TDWDM系统OTU告警详解

朗讯公司OLS 1．6T DWDM系统可在C波段和L波段上最多支持160路10Gbit/s信号．在国内电信运营商中广泛应用。其中在中国电信南沿海干线上应用的C波段80×10Gbit/s系统,目前已接近满配置,部分段落已经满配置,是我国迄今为止实际建成的最高速率的传输系统之一。OLS 1．6T的告警情况与其他设备有很大不同,尤其是与OTU有关的告警,因此熟练掌握OTU相关告警,对做好该系统的维护工作至关重要。