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81.
特征X射线能谱法测定Fe^+注入小麦种子的深度 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
用110keV Fe^+离子束垂直注入小麦种胚后,在扫描电子显微镜上沿种子纵沟剖面,在不同深度上测量Fe元素被激发出的特征X射线强度分布,结果表明分布呈指数衰减,与晶体中的热扩散分布相类似,并对此进行了讨论。 相似文献
82.
83.
The energies of various steps on the As-terminated GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surface are evaluated using a novel, approximate method of “linear combination of structural motifs”. It is based on the observation that previous total energy minimizations of semiconductor surfaces produced invariably equilibrium structures made of the same recurring local structural motifs, e.g. tetrahedral fourfold Ga, pyramidal threefold As, etc. Furthermore, such surface structures were found to obey consistently the octet rules as applied to the local motifs. We thus express the total energy of a given semiconductor surface as a sum of (i) the energies M of the local structural motifs appearing in the surface under consideration and (ii) an electrostatic term representing the Madelung energy of point charges resulting from application of the octet rule. The motif energies are derived from a set of pseudopotential total energy calculations for flat GaAs(001) surfaces and for point defects in bulk GaAs. This set of parameters suffices to reproduce the energies of other (001) surfaces, calculated using the same pseudopotential total energy approach. Application to GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surfaces with steps reveals the following. (i) “Primitive steps”, defined solely according to their geometries (i.e. step heights, widths and orientations) are often unstable. (ii) Additional, non-geometric factors beyond step geometries such as addition of surface adatoms, creation of vacancies and atomic rebonding at step edges are important to lower step energies. So is step-step interaction. (iii) The formation of steps is generally endothermic. (iv) The formation of steps with edges parallel to the direction of surface As dimers (A steps) is energetically favored over the formation of steps whose edges are perpendicular to the As dimers (B steps). 相似文献
84.
Wrinkling is a well known phenomenon experimented by tension membranes in Civil Engineering applications. This paper will
present an efficient numerical technique for the computational simulation of such wrinkles in a prestressed membrane. In particular,
the relaxed energy approach (Pipkin in IMA J Appl Math 36:85–99, 1986) is particularized for prestressed membranes (Gil in
Textile composites and inflatable structures, CIMNE, 2003) undergoing moderate strains. Wrinkling conditions in terms of the
Euler-Lagrange finite deformation tensor along principal directions will be obtained. This will provide a framework to describe
properly the initial instant when wrinkles start to be encountered in a prestressed Saint Venant–Kirchhoff hyperelastic membrane.
Subsequently, a modified Helmholtz’s free energy functional will be introduced with the purpose of describing the modified
constitutive behaviour of the continuum after the onset of wrinkling. Consistent derivations of the stress tensor as well
as the constitutive tensor will de depicted. The results will be particularized for membranes and cables in a Finite Element
discretization basis. Some numerical examples will prove the accuracy and robustness of the described algorithm. 相似文献
85.
泡沫铝的动态压缩性能和吸能性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过测量泡沫铝在动态和准静态压缩条件下的应力 -应变曲线 ,研究了泡沫铝的准静态和动态压缩行为以及不同应变条件下的吸能性 ,并对其应变率效应进行了分析。结果表明 ,在高应变速率和准静态压缩下 ,泡沫铝的σ -ε曲线均表现出弹性变形段、平缓段和密实段三阶段特征 ;泡沫铝的压缩性能具有明显的应变速率敏感性 ,随应变速率的提高 ,流动应力上升 ,吸能性升高 相似文献
86.
In this study forecast of Turkey's net electricity energy consumption on sectoral basis until 2020 is explored. Artificial neural networks (ANN) is preferred as forecasting tool. The reasons behind choosing ANN are the ability of ANN to forecast future values of more than one variable at the same time and to model the nonlinear relation in the data structure. Founded forecast results by ANN are compared with official forecasts. 相似文献
87.
Multilayer calculations by conventional matrix methods for dielectricum/noble metal/dielectricum systems on glass have been performed. The aim has been to maximize the integrated parameters for solar transmission, Tsol, and transmission of visible light, Teye We have found that Ag is superior for maximizing the transmittance over the narrow visible wavelength range owing to the low internal absorptance. When solar energy transmission is considered multilayers based on Au are the best choice for metal film thicknesses above 15 nm. For thinner films, Ag is still to be preferred. 相似文献
88.
89.
The development of renewable technologies in the last decade has been exceptional. In photovoltaic (PV) for example, efforts were not only limited to merely improving their efficiency but also to the reduction of the cost of cells and modules via volume production for commercial markets. There are many national schemes promoting the use of PV technology and regional targets for a share of renewable energy production. This paper attempts to relay to the reader a journey, based on experience, approaches for enhancing the prospect of utilising solar energy within the society we live in. The issue of expansion or enhancing the utilisation of solar energy can be undertaken by individuals, groups, institutions and governments. The aim of this paper is to provide some examples, which could serve as a framework in which action could be taken to promote solar technology. 相似文献
90.
太阳能热管的研制和应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了太阳能热管发展的社会背景和历史沿革、太阳能热管单管的工质选择和管壳结构、热管式真空集热管的结构特点及太阳能热管在热水器中的应用 相似文献