面向科学工作流的应用集成框架

在分析科学工作流的概念和特点的基础上,针对科学工作流中应用集成的需求,提出一个应用集成的统一框架。基于各种应用抽象出统一的模型,在该模型上提出的框架能有效地集成各种应用。基于该模型实现一个科学工作流管理系统。图像处理应用验证了该框架的可行性。     

Robust Cardiac Function Assessment in 4D PC‐MRI Data of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery

Four‐dimensional phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D PC‐MRI) allows the non‐invasive acquisition of time‐resolved, 3D blood flow information. Stroke volumes (SVs) and regurgitation fractions (RFs) are two of the main measures to assess the cardiac function and severity of valvular pathologies. The flow rates in forward and backward direction through a plane above the aortic or pulmonary valve are required for their quantification. Unfortunately, the calculations are highly sensitive towards the plane's angulation since orthogonally passing flow is considered. This often leads to physiologically implausible results. In this work, a robust quantification method is introduced to overcome this problem. Collaborating radiologists and cardiologists were carefully observed while estimating SVs and RFs in various healthy volunteer and patient 4D PC‐MRI data sets with conventional quantification methods, that is, using a single plane above the valve that is freely movable along the centerline. By default it is aligned perpendicular to the vessel's centerline, but free angulation (rotation) is possible. This facilitated the automation of their approach which, in turn, allows to derive statistical information about the plane angulation sensitivity. Moreover, the experts expect a continuous decrease of the blood flow volume along the vessel course. Conventional methods are often unable to produce this behaviour. Thus, we present a procedure to fit a monotonous function that ensures such physiologically plausible results. In addition, this technique was adapted for the usage in branching vessels such as the pulmonary artery. The performed informal evaluation shows the capability of our method to support diagnosis; a parameter evaluation confirms the robustness. Vortex flow was identified as one of the main causes for quantification uncertainties.     

基于Web of Science的社会化媒体环境下社区发现研究综述

社会化媒体是一种新型在线媒体,发现并研究其中的社区有利于揭示社会化媒体环境下信息传播与共享的特点和规律。该文基于Web of Science检索得到的文献数据,使用CiteSpace、SATI、UCINET等科学知识图谱软件,从共被引文献、关键词及突现词等角度构建了社会化媒体环境下有关社区发现的科学知识图谱,并对该领域的研究现状、知识演进过程、研究热点和研究前沿进行了可视化分析。     

海洋科学数据管理与可视化平台

海洋科学数据作为我国海洋科技创新发展的战略资源,是一个可持续发展的要素.然而海洋科学数据涉及学科众多、类型复杂、来源多样、格式迥异等特点,数据处理和可视化处理难度大.平台通过引入WebGIS技术,针对海洋科学数据特点,结合海洋科学数据业务,实现海洋数据的一体化管理、分析与可视化处理.     

图像映射技术在公共座椅元素设计中的应用

简要介绍了Image Map（图像映射）技术在工业设计中的运用方法,将该技术运用于产品设计元素提取中,使设计过程科学严谨。提取了数量众多的公共座椅实例作为研究对象,利用Image Map（图像映射图）技术进行全面分析,以提取较有说服力的设计元素。     

公共生活用水特性研究——以北京市科研行业为例

以北京市科研行业为切入点,采用社会调查结合计量分析的研究思路尝试探讨公共生活用水特性,研究其用水结构的复杂性、日常运行的无序性和用水影响因素的显著性。发现科研行业用水包括办公楼、食堂、供冷供暖、绿化等办公用水和各类实验用水。分析了科研行业用水日常运行中在基础设施和用水管理方面的低效。选择表征规模的建筑面积变量、由人工赋值得到的定量管理水平变量以及简单反映科研单位类别的实验哑变量建立科研行业用水影响因素计量模型,发现三者均显著影响科研行业用水量。该结果预示着规模、管理水平、特定用水结构可能是公共生活用水的主要影响因素。     

Software engineering as a scientific and engineering discipline

A new interpretation of software engineering from scientific, engineering, and practical standpoints is proposed. Software engineering is defined as a successor of programming and computer science, namely, its management theory. Features and attributes of software engineering as an original discipline are founded. The structure, content, and concepts of this discipline and its basic elements are presented. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 3, pp. 19–28, May–June 2008.     

创造新视觉——“视觉艺术”与“科技”的对话

本文以新的角度,通过不同时期人类科技的发展来展示"视觉艺术"的演变,以及科技对"视觉艺术"的影响和两者之间的互动关系。     

Intelligent interaction design: the role of human-computer interaction research in the design of intelligent systems

As more intelligent systems are introduced into the marketplace, it is becoming increasingly urgent to consider usability for such systems. Historically, the two fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and human- computer interaction (HCI) have had little in common. In this paper, we consider how established HCI techniques can usefully be applied to the design and evaluation of intelligent systems, and where there is an urgent need for new approaches. Some techniques - notably those for requirements acquisition and empirical evaluation - can usefully be adopted, and indeed are, within many projects. However, many of the tools and techniques developed within HCI to support design and theory-based evaluation cannot be applied in their present forms to intelligent systems because they are based on inappropriate assumptions; there is consequently a need for new approaches. Conversely, there are approaches that have been developed within AI - e.g. in research on dialogue and on ontologies - that could usefully be adapted and encapsulated to respond to this need. These should form the core of a future research agenda for intelligent interaction design.     

Automated computation and consistency checking of physical dimensions and units in scientific programs

Physical dimensions and units form an essential part of the specification of constants and variables occurring in scientific programs, yet no standard compilable programming language implements direct support for automated dimensional consistency checking and unit conversion. This paper describes a conceptual basis and prototype implementation for such support within the framework of the standard Fortran 90 language. This is accomplished via an external module supplying appropriate user data types and operator interfaces. Legacy Fortran 77 scientific software can be easily modified to compile and run as ‘dimension‐aware’ programs utilizing the proposed enhancements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.