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51.
A large body of research has considered the positive aspects of information technology (IT) use. However, emerging research and practice commentary is beginning to focus on complex and often alarming ways in which use of IT affects organisational and social life. This Special Issue focuses on these ‘dark’ effects of IT use. 相似文献
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挤压边墙技术在混凝土面板堆石坝上游坡面施工中有很大优势,文中介绍了挤压边墙的优点,并对其施工质量控制作了进一步的阐述,以促使该技术在混凝土面板堆石坝中推广应用。 相似文献
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Donald C. Pierson Susanne Kratzer Bertil Håkansson 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(3):668-680
The vertical attenuation coefficient of diffuse downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (Kd 490) is a parameter that we routinely derive from SeaWiFS images of the Baltic Sea. Here, through model simulations, we examine the relationship between Kd(490), and the vertical attenuation coefficient of PAR (Kd PAR), as this later coefficient determines the light available for aquatic photosynthesis. A simple semi-analytical model is used to predict Kd(490) and Kd(PAR), as a function of the concentrations of chlorophyll, colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), suspended inorganic, and suspended organic particulate material. A series of model simulations based on variations in these optically significant constituents over a range realistic for the Baltic Sea, are used to define the relationship between the two attenuation coefficients.
Kd(PAR)=0.6677Kd0.6763(490). 相似文献
56.
A multi-objective controller synthesis problem is considered in which an output is to be regulated approximately by assuring a bound on the steady-state peak amplification in response to an infinite-energy disturbance, while also guaranteeing a desired level of performance measured in terms of the worst-case energy gain from a finite-energy input to a performance output. Relying on a characterization of the controllers with which almost asymptotic regulation is accomplished, the problem of guaranteeing the desired level of performance is reduced to solving a system of linear matrix inequalities subject to a set of linear equality constraints. Based on the solution of this system, a procedure is outlined for the construction of a suitable controller whose order is equal to the order of the plant plus the order of the exogenous system. 相似文献
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目的基于感性工学(KE)原理与方法,以各车型侧轮廓为对象,研究意象认知与车型造型要素的关联性,比较并分析在意象差异下所对应各车型侧轮廓的关键造型特征。方法选取目前市场的15款典型车型为研究样本,收集并筛选获取代表性感性意象词汇,结合语义差分法(SD法)与形态分析法,利用贝塞尔曲线对车身侧轮廓进行了简化并提取其造型特征线,在构建车身侧轮廓评价参考模型基础上,对样本侧轮廓进行直接与间接的量化分析。结论综合语义差分法(SD法)与形态对比分析法,提取影响车型意象定位的关键造型特征,获取用户针对不同车型在侧轮廓特征上的识别程度等级,构建车型侧轮廓特征—感性意象的关联模型,辅助汽车车型造型设计与研究,提高车型造型与用户感性需求间的匹配度。 相似文献
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对凝汽器喉部流动进行数值模拟并提取数据,将喉部出口流场数据作为入口边界条件,对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场进行了更准确的数值模拟和研究。结果表明,入口蒸汽均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在4个管束模块区域均呈现向心式的流动趋势;蒸汽入口不均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在两侧蒸汽通道内和中间蒸汽通道内有下冲流动,形成了对管束模块的包绕流动。因此,对于开展与凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场分布相关性能的研究,建议基于喉部出口流场对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流动进行数值模拟。 相似文献
60.
This paper presents a model to calculate depth-resolved marine photochemical fluxes from remotely sensed ocean color and modeled solar irradiance. The basic approach uses three components: 1) below-sea-surface spectral downward scalar irradiance calculated from a radiative transfer model (STAR) and corrected for clouds using TOMS UV reflectivities; 2) surface-ocean spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients for chromophoric dissolved organic matter retrieved from SeaWiFS ocean color using the SeaUV/SeaUVc algorithms; and (3) spectral apparent quantum yield for the photochemical reaction considered. The output of the model is a photochemical rate profile, ΨPR(z), where z represents depth.We implemented the model for carbon monoxide (CO) photochemistry using an average apparent quantum yield spectrum and generated a monthly climatology of depth-resolved CO photoproduction rates in the global ocean. The climatology was used to compute global budgets and investigate the spatial and seasonal variabilities of CO photoproduction in the ocean. The model predicts a global CO photoproduction rate of about 41 TgC yr− 1, in good agreement with other recent published estimates ranging from 30 to 84 TgC yr− 1. The fate of photochemically derived CO and its role in global biogeochemical cycles remains uncertain however, with biological consumption and sea-air exchange competing for its removal in the surface ocean. Knowledge of the vertical distribution of CO photoproduction is critical in the quantification of the relative magnitudes of these sink mechanisms. The depth-resolution capabilities of this model, together with US Naval Research Laboratory climatology for mixed layer depths allowed further estimation that > 95% of the total water-column CO photoproduction occurs within the mixed layer on a global, yearly basis. Despite this compelling figure, the model also suggests significant spatio-temporal variability in the vertical distribution of CO photoproduction in the subtropical gyres, where up to 40% of water-column CO can be produced below the mixed layer during summertime.While the approach can be applied to other photochemical fluxes (e.g. DIC formation or DMS removal), accurate quantification of such processes with remote sensing will be limited until the mechanisms regulating observed oceanic variability in the apparent quantum yields are better understood. Minor modification to this model can also make it applicable for the determination of the effects of UV and visible solar radiation on sensitive biological systems. 相似文献