丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解特性研究

文章以离子液体为溶剂,研究了丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解特性。首先研究了丝素蛋白在不同结构的离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物（[AMIM]C1）和1-丁基-3_-甲基咪唑氯化物（[BMIM]c1）中的溶解速率和溶解度。结果发现,相同条件下,丝素蛋白在[AMIM]cl中具有较快的溶解速率和较大的溶解度;随温度的升高,溶解速度加快,合适的温度为95～105℃;随着丝素蛋白浓度的增大,相同条件下丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解速度减慢。XRD结果表明,丝素蛋白的非晶相部分首先被溶解,晶相部分结构被破坏后与溶剂作用逐渐被溶解。采用粘度法测定了丝素蛋白分子质量随溶解时间和温度的变化,结果表明：随加热时间增加和温度升高,蛋白质分子质量减小。为保证丝素蛋白的稳定性和溶解速率,温度一般控制在100℃以下,溶解时间小于5h。     

Self‐Expansion Behavior of Silk Fibroin Film

Summary: Silk fibroin cast film was prepared using a ternary solvent system of CaCl₂/CH₃CH₂OH/H₂O (1/2/8 in mole ratio). A drying temperature at casting influenced crystal structure of fibroin. When a drying temperature was set lower than 9 °C, the cast film became amorphous. When a drying temperature was set higher than 40 °C, a fibroin film of silk‐II structure was obtained. In order to produce a fibroin film of silk‐I structure, a preferable temperature range was from 20 to 26 °C. The crystal transformation from random coil structure into silk‐I could be made through exposure of an amorphous film to water vapor. As for the crystal transformation from silk‐I into silk‐II, the treatment with a glycerin solution was effective. In the course of the treatment a film showed self‐thinning and self‐expanding. The expansion ratio exceeded 40% at maximum. The film produced accompanying self‐expansion was ductile in nature.

The apparent self‐expansion percentage as a function of initial thickness of the film. The ductility of the film was classified into four stages from the observation of recovery behavior after folding: ?, very soft; ?, soft; ?, middle; ?, hard (see Figure 5 ).     

丝素蛋白-金纳米粒子复合体系的稳定性研究

柠檬酸钠还原法制备的金纳米粒子与再生丝素蛋白复合得到了高度稳定的丝素蛋白-金纳米粒子（SF-Au NPs）体系。研究了SF-Au NPs在不同pH值以及KCl浓度的磷酸盐缓冲液中的稳定性,应用紫外-可见光光谱（UV-Vis）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）等测试方法对SF-Au NPs体系进行了表征。结果表明：SF-Au NPs在3~11的pH范围内及50~1000 mM的KCl溶液中均具有良好的稳定性。以柠檬酸钠和牛血清白蛋白稳定的金纳米粒子作为对照实验,结果表明SF-Au NPs的稳定性主要与丝素蛋白空间阻隔效应有关。本文报道的制备方法简单、高效、成本低,SF-Au NPs体系有望在生物医学领域显示出广阔的应用前景。     

缫丝废水综合利用与无害化处理技术的研究

提出了一种新的综合利用和无害化处理缫丝废水的方法.该方法采用气浮技术,通过将小水量高浓度屑物废水单独分离来回收有用悬浮有机物,然后进行厌氧消化,再与大水量低浓度的缫丝废水合并处理,收到了较好的效果.对内江市松林丝绸有限公司及其他企业废水进行了多次试验,结果表明该方法可行和有效.     

玉米须单体成分纯化及类别鉴定

以玉米须浸膏为原料,采用萃取和液相制备色谱相结合的办法分离得到高纯度玉米须黄酮单体,并优化出纯化工艺。     

低碳环保低号数棉蚕丝交织面料的设计与生产

探讨了低碳环保低号数棉桑蚕丝交织面料的设计与生产。通过优选烧毛丝光线、桑蚕丝进行产品规格和风格设计,对比烧毛丝光线与普通原纱质量指标及染色前后的质量变化,制定生产方案,优化织造上机工艺及后整理流程和工艺,使面料生产实现了高效短流程、低碳、清洁、环保,面料品质和功能得到大幅度的提高。     

黑闪红锦花缎的染色技术

中性染料与直接耐晒染料以一浴一步法工艺染锦丝人丝锦花锻"黑闪红"风格,不仅底板(锦丝)、提花(人丝)黑红鲜明、光泽艳亮,染色牢度能达到要求,而且还具有突出的"节能、减排、增效"优势。     

Unexpected Luxury: Wild Silk Textile Production among the Yoruba of Nigeria

Abstract

Mulberry silk produced in China is the type most recognized and used in silk garments. There are at least seven additional silk fiber sources. The Yoruba are a large ethnic group in Nigeria who use native silk that they call sányán from the Anaphe moth as one of their most prized fiber resources. Throughout colonial and post-colonial history, both Nigerians and others investigated methods for domesticating wild silk production. Yoruba strip cloth, called aso-òkè includes three main categories: sányán, etù and alãrì, each appropriate for persons of high social standing and for important occasions, displaying cultural significance. Cotton becomes used as a substitute for expensive silk yarns, being dyed the traditional color of the silk fabrics. To the Yoruba aesthetic, the purpose of something is more important than its actual form. Even as weavers now produce the traditionally sányán cloths with substitute fibers, the cloth's glory remains.     

2—甲基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚蚕丝纤维工艺及应用研究

蚕丝纤维与2-甲基丙烯酰胺接枝共聚采用液相法.本文在工艺研究的基础上重点研究放样工艺、染色和织造工艺.对接枝共聚后的蚕丝纤维织物的物理性能进行了测试,并探讨了工业实施方案.