马鹿亚种间杂交后代背最长肌脂肪酸的分析研究

采用气相色谱技术对马鹿不同亚种间杂交后代——天山马鹿、天青二元杂交马鹿和天青塔三元杂交马鹿背最长肌中的20种脂肪酸进行分析研究,结果表明:三种马鹿背最长肌脂肪酸组成及含量各有特点,但是饱和脂肪酸含量均最高,棕榈酸为主要组成成分。都含有一定量的具有抗癌活性的奇数碳原子脂肪酸,含量分别为:3.73%、7.28%和0.71%,该结果为马鹿肉在功能食品领域的发展提供了理论依据。从营养角度出发,天青二元杂交马鹿肉比天山马鹿和天青塔三元杂交马鹿具有更高的营养价值,可以通过杂交育种来选育营养价值更符合膳食标准的健康马鹿肉品原料。     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts alleviate oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle of low‐dose streptozotocin‐ and high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats

Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle.     

丁香酚麻醉大口黑鲈的保活温度优化

为探讨温度对有水保活大口黑鲈代谢与肌肉品质的影响,研究了不同丁香酚浓度对大口黑鲈的麻醉效果。选取最佳浓度麻醉大口黑鲈,分别在5,10,15和20 ℃的条件下保活,测定了不同温度下的存活率、氨氮含量、血液生化指标与肌肉品质的变化。结果显示：大口黑鲈的较佳丁香酚浓度为18 mg/L,在5 ℃保活72 h存活率为0,在10、15和20 ℃下保活96 h后的存活率分别100%,75%和0%;随着保活时间延长,与15 ℃,20 ℃组相比,10 ℃组的总氨氮降低24.12%~51.24%,血糖含量先增加后下降,保活72 h后,10 ℃处理组血清中皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和尿素氮分别比20 ℃组低260.44 pg/mL、52.54 mmol/L、8.76 mmol/L、3.26 mmol/L和8.22 mmol/L（p<0.05）,而溶菌酶、总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量均显著高于其它组（p<0.05）;10 ℃肝脏HSP90的表达量显著低于15 ℃和20 ℃;肌肉指标中,15 ℃和20 ℃组糖原、粗蛋白含量和pH显著低于10 ℃组。表明10 ℃保活条件下大口黑鲈抗氧化物酶活性增强,应激降低,肌肉品质影响较小。因此,10 ℃适合大口黑鲈的长途保活运输。     

酶联免疫方法在牛肉加热终点温度检测中的应用

为保证肉类及肉制品的卫生安全,各国要求加热到一定的加热终点温度。研究通过免疫新西兰白兔获得加热终点温度指示蛋白乳酸脱氢酶的抗体,并建立了牛肌肉加热终点温度酶联免疫检测方法。     

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in muscle cells via multipathway mechanisms

Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) has been an important subject of research in the past two decades because of its various biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. On the other hand, the molecular bases of its actions have been scarcely understood. Here, we elucidated the mechanism of the hypoglycemic actions of saffron through investigating its signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism in C₂C₁₂ skeletal muscle cells. Saffron strongly enhanced glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), but not PI 3-kinase (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt. Interestingly, the co-treatment of saffron and insulin further improved the insulin sensitivity via both insulin-independent (AMPK/ACC and MAPKs) and insulin-dependent (PI 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR) pathways. It also suggested that there is a crosstalk between the two signaling pathways of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. These results could be confirmed from the findings of GLUT4 translocation. Taken together, AMPK plays a major role in the effects of saffron on glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells. Our study provides important insights for the possible mechanism of action of saffron and its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic patients.     

超高压技术对低盐肉制品降盐机制及品质改良的研究进展

低盐肉制品的开发是当前肉类食品的发展趋势,但降低钠盐的添加量会引起肉品品质的劣变。超高压技术作为一种新型的非热加工技术,可以降低肉制品中的食盐使用量,改善肌肉蛋白质的功能特性,改进低盐肉制品的品质。本文从高压处理对低盐肉制品保水性、蒸煮损失、咸味、颜色以及微生物安全性5 个方面出发,综述了超高压技术在低盐肉制品品质改良应用中的研究进展,并在此基础上论述了超高压技术对低盐肉制品的降盐机制,指出该技术在低盐肉制品应用中存在的局限性,并对其未来的发展前景进行展望,以期为超高压技术在低盐肉制品中的应用和推广提供理论参考。     

干酪乳杆菌6033蛋白酶降解肌肉蛋白质的作用研究

本试验将干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei，Lc)6033蛋白酶液按5％的比例分别加入肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白提取液，然后设定不同的pH值，于15℃培养7d，定时取样，测定反应后的pH值、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测蛋白质的变化。结果发现：不同设定的肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白试验组在反应初期pH值均稍稍降低，随着反应进程，各试验组的pH值呈现出逐步升高的趋势；其中，肌浆蛋白以pH5．0、4．5组的变化较为明显，肌原纤维蛋白则以pH6．0、5．0、4．5组的变化较为明显。经7d振荡培养后，电泳检测发现，各试验组肌浆蛋白均表现出分解现象，尤其以pH5．0组和pH4．5组更为明显；而肌原纤维蛋白也都表现出了明显的分解现象，尤以pH5．0组肌原纤维蛋白分解最明显。     

不同月龄羊肉原料肉品质与涮食羊肉品质的关系

以6、12、18、24月龄的舍饲巴寒杂交羊为研究对象,每个月龄选择10头胴体质量相近的肉羊(公母各半)进行屠宰,采集后腿肉分析其理化特性、肌纤维特性、涮制出品率与涮食羊肉食用品质。结果表明:除了p H_(24)值、涮食羊肉弹性与涮制出品率外,不同月龄巴寒杂交羊后腿肉理化特性、肌纤维特性、涮食羊肉剪切力和质构、感官评价指标均存在显著差异(P0.05);咀嚼性、硬度与肌节长度呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.618和0.639;弹性与肌纤维密度呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.588;胶原蛋白含量与涮制出品率呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.458;6月龄羔羊肉感官评价指标色泽、嫩度、风味以及总体可接受性得分均显著优于24月龄(P0.05),羔羊涮食羊肉片更受感官评价人员的喜爱。研究证实低月龄羔羊肉更适宜涮制食用。     

矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷对骨骼肌细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的影响

富含矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-g)的花色苷提取物可抑制肥胖,但其作用机制不明。骨骼肌细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)活性与肥胖相关,LPL使骨骼肌中的β-脂肪酸氧化增强,从而加速清除体内循环的甘油三酯(TG),抑制TG流向脂肪组织积聚而导致肥胖。本实验建立稳定的骨骼肌细胞分离培养方法,通过花色苷Cy-3-g干预骨骼肌细胞,研究Cy-3-g对细胞LPL活性的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：Cy-3-g通过激活一磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)上调骨骼肌细胞LPL活性,提示Cy-3-g具有潜在的调节机体脂代谢作用,与含Cy-3-g的花色苷提取物的肥胖抑制作用密切相关。     

The State of the Art of Piezo1 Channels in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Piezo1 channels are highly mechanically-activated cation channels that can sense and transduce the mechanical stimuli into physiological signals in different tissues including skeletal muscle. In this focused review, we summarize the emerging evidence of Piezo1 channel-mediated effects in the physiology of skeletal muscle, with a particular focus on the role of Piezo1 in controlling myogenic precursor activity and skeletal muscle regeneration and vascularization. The disclosed effects reported by pharmacological activation of Piezo1 channels with the selective agonist Yoda1 indicate a potential impact of Piezo1 channel activity in skeletal muscle regeneration, which is disrupted in various muscular pathological states. All findings reported so far agree with the idea that Piezo1 channels represent a novel, powerful molecular target to develop new therapeutic strategies for preventing or ameliorating skeletal muscle disorders characterized by an impairment of tissue regenerative potential.