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71.
Charlotte M. Beddoes Denise E. Rensen Gert S. Gooris Marc Malfois Joke A. Bouwstra 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
The skin’s barrier ability is an essential function for terrestrial survival, which is controlled by intercellular lipids within the stratum corneum (SC) layer. In this barrier, free fatty acids (FFAs) are an important lipid class. As seen in inflammatory skin diseases, when the lipid chain length is reduced, a reduction in the barrier’s performance is observed. In this study, we have investigated the contributing effects of various FFA chain lengths on the lamellar phase, lateral packing. The repeat distance of the lamellar phase increased with FFA chain length (C20–C28), while shorter FFAs (C16 to C18) had the opposite behaviour. While the lateral packing was affected, the orthorhombic to hexagonal to fluid phase transitions were not affected by the FFA chain length. Porcine SC lipid composition mimicking model was then used to investigate the proportional effect of shorter FFA C16, up to 50% content of the total FFA mixture. At this level, no difference in the overall lamellar phases and lateral packing was observed, while a significant increase in the water permeability was detected. Our results demonstrate a FFA C16 threshold that must be exceeded before the structure and barrier function of the long periodicity phase (LPP) is affected. These results are important to understand the lipid behaviour in this unique LPP structure as well as for the understanding, treatment, and development of inflammatory skin conditions. 相似文献
72.
Nadezhda A. Evtushenko Arkadii K. Beilin Erdem B. Dashinimaev Rustam H. Ziganshin Anastasiya V. Kosykh Maxim M. Perfilov Alexandra L. Rippa Elena V. Alpeeva Andrey V. Vasiliev Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak Nadya G. Gurskaya 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
The recessive form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a crippling disease caused by impairments in the junctions of the dermis and the basement membrane of the epidermis. Using ectopic expression of hTERT/hTERT + BMI-1 in primary cells, we developed expansible cultures of RDEB fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We showed that they display the properties of their founders, including morphology, contraction ability and expression of the respective specific markers including reduced secretion of type VII collagen (C7). The immortalized keratinocytes retained normal stratification in 3D skin equivalents. The comparison of secreted protein patterns from immortalized RDEB and healthy keratinocytes revealed the differences in the contents of the extracellular matrix that were earlier observed specifically for RDEB. We demonstrated the possibility to reverse the genotype of immortalized cells to the state closer to the progenitors by the Cre-dependent hTERT switch off. Increased β-galactosidase activity and reduced proliferation of fibroblasts were shown after splitting out of transgenes. We anticipate our cell lines to be tractable models for studying RDEB from the level of single-cell changes to the evaluation of 3D skin equivalents. Our approach permits the creation of standardized and expandable models of RDEB that can be compared with the models based on primary cell cultures. 相似文献
73.
74.
K HondaM Yoshimura R UchikadoT Kondo Tata N Rao D.A TrykA Fujishima M WatanabeK Yasui H Masuda 《Electrochimica acta》2002,47(27):4373-4385
Electrochemical characteristics for several redox systems at diamond films with highly ordered nanometer-scale cylindrical pores (‘nano-honeycombs’) were examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance measurements. The cyclic voltammetric anodic-cathodic peak separations for these nano-honeycomb electrodes were in the same range as those for polished polycrystalline diamond films, indicating that the involvement of the oxygen-terminated surface of the nano-pore walls, which should give rise to large peak separations for certain redox couples was only slight. Moreover, the peak currents in the CV were not enhanced to the extent expected on the basis of the roughness factors of the nano-honeycomb films. Ac impedance plots results indicated the existence of a concentration gradient of the reactant in the nano-pores, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions for charge transfer reactions in porous electrodes. The average concentration of the reactant (Fe2+/3+) inside the nano-pores was a factor of ca. 80 lower than that in the bulk electrolyte. The results of the impedance analysis also indicated an increase in the reaction resistances with decreasing pore diameters. 相似文献
75.
76.
Electroporation creates aqueous pathways by short high-voltage pulses resulting in a transient perme- abilization of stratum corneum and an increase in the transdermal delivery rate.However the aqueous pathways will reseal after pulsing,which leads to the rapid drop of transdermal flux.In the present study,the surfactants were added to the donor solution to hinder the shrinkage and resealing of the electropore,and to prolong the lifetime of the aqueous pathways with the consideration that the surfactants could reduce the surface energy of the electropore. These effects of surfactants were demonstrated by the dynamic electrical resistance of the skin and the fluorescent imaging of the local transport regions.Piroxicam(PIX)was transported percutaneously in the presence of surfactants in vitro.Owing to the longer lifetime of aqueous pathways,together with the promotion of PIX availability at the barrier exterior and the improvement in the partition of PIX into the aqueous pathways,the presence of surfactants led to a remarkable increase in the transdermal delivery rate during electroporation and a significant growth of the accumulative transdermal amount of PIX. 相似文献
77.
美白产品始终是夏季护肤品市场竞争的焦点,旁氏推出“日夜美白不停顿”的新概念以应对传统美白产品的挑战,并利用策略发展和广告创意的源动力——“消费者洞察力”概念推出了一套精准的传播策略和创意出色的广告,对消费者产生了很强的吸引力。 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
Eiichi Hoshino Kazunari Maruta Yasunao Wada Kazuo Mori 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(7):785-791
The interaction of highly purified alkaline protease fromBacillus sp. KSM-K16 with the horny cells of human skin contained in skin grime was directly visualized by electron microscopy. It
became clear that the protease first penetrates the horny cells and then adsorbs, mainly onto the internal structure of the
cells at the initial stage of hydrolysis, and directly hydrolyzes the keratin filaments, though the marginal band surrounding
them retains its original shape. Then, hydrolysate produced from the keratin filaments flows out of the cell, and early in
the hydrolysis process keratin filaments decrease and then disappear, leaving a marginal band, i.e., the cell turns to a hollow
state. As a result, the remaining marginal band loses support from inside the cell, thus promoting cleavage and dispersion.
Until this stage in the protease reaction, the remarkable liberation of hydrolysis products as water-soluble protein does
not occur. 相似文献