AlCl3/活性炭催化甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物再分配反应研究

甲基三氯硅烷(M1)与低沸物(LBR)是工业上"直接法"生产二甲基二氯硅烷单体过程中产生的副产物,两者之间通过再分配反应可转化为高价值的有机硅单体.以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍蒸发煅烧法制备了负载型AlCl3固体酸催化剂,在固定床反应器中进行甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物的再分配反应,制得二甲基二氯硅烷和三甲基氯硅烷.考察了活性炭载体预处理方式及反应条件对再分配反应的影响.结果表明,经过高温扩孔处理的活性炭载体负载的AlCl3催化剂具有较好的反应活性;优化的反应条件为:W(M1/LBR)为2.0～3.0,反应温度为310℃,LHSV为1.5 h-1;该催化剂的制备过程简单,催化反应条件温和且表现出良好的催化稳定性.     

新型层状表面相锆基固体酸催化酯化反应研究

将所研制的层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂用于一元、二元醇醋酸酯和其他羧酸酯类产品的合成 ,考察了其催化性能。研究发现 :层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂对所考察的酯化反应具有很好的普遍适用性 ,但其酯化率与醇的性质和结构密切有关。催化反应动力学研究表明乙酸与丁醇、戊醇、己醇的酯化反应均为二级反应 ,且反应活化能均较低 ,分别为 47 4kJ/mol、2 3 3kJ/mol和 19 8kJ/mo     

高固体分丙烯酸树脂相对分子质量的研究

采用溶液聚合法合成高固体分丙烯酸树脂,用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法分析引发剂的种类和用量、反应温度及聚合工艺对丙烯酸树脂的相对分子质量及其分布的影响。结果表明,选用偶氮二异丁腈和过氧化苯甲酰两种引发剂进行复配可提高聚合物的相对分子质量;采用“饥饿态”聚合工艺进行聚合反应可有效控制聚合物的相对分子质量,且相对分子质量分布均匀,分散度小于2;当引发剂用量为2%,在110℃的反应条件下制得的丙烯酸树脂的综合性能优异,固含量超过70%,相对分子质量可达4万。     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/Fe_2O_3—CoO催化合成乙酸异戊酯

制备固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/Fe2O3—CoO,并用于乙酸异戊酯合成反应。用该催化剂通过正交试验合成乙酸异戊酯的最佳条件为:醇酸物质的量比为1.5,催化剂用量为0.8 g(以0.2 mol乙酸为准),带水剂用量为10 mL,反应时间为2.5 h,其酯化率可达98%以上。     

Ignition and Combustion of Dust-Gas Suspensions

The ignition and combustion of dust-gas suspensions are considered. It is shown that the ability of these systems to accumulate heat is determined not only by their kinetic and thermal properties but also by the relation between their reaction surface and the heat-removal surface (f). Experimental information on flame temperatures, ignition delays, and flame propagation over gas suspensions is processed using the parameter f, and the postulate on the stimulating role of the developed reaction surface in activating these processes is validated. It is shown that during overall burning, diffusion combustion of particles occurs only for rather small values of f. The ambiguous effect of the parameter f on the ignition and combustion processes leads to the necessity of optimizing the fuel size distribution and concentration for the effective operation of the power devices. The role of the macroparameters of two-phase flames of refractory metals in the synthesis of combustion nanoproducts is analyzed. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 3–14, November–December, 2005.     

半参数广义线性模型惩罚似然估计的几个性质

本文在给出了半参数广义线性模型惩罚似然估计及惩罚准似然估计的基础上,得到了下面几个性质:(Ⅰ)极小惩罚似然估计及惩罚准似然估计等价于惩罚加权最小二乘估计;(Ⅱ)估计的收敛性及加速收敛法;(Ⅲ)估计的一种 Bayes 解释。     

气固相氢氟化催化剂的研究

对于气固相氢氟化反应制备七氟丙烷的催化剂,进行了系统的研究。采用浸渍法制备催化剂,当催化活性组分Ａ为载体的８．５％～１０％,组分Ｃ２为１．０％～２．５％、二者之和为１１％时,达到了较佳的催化性能,将其应用于由六氟丙烯制备七氟丙烷时,在反应温度≥２１０℃时,粗品气中的Ｆ－２２７含量≥９８．５％。     

Electrodialytic extraction of Cu,Pb and Cl from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash suspended in water

The possibility of using fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in, for example, concrete is considered. MSWI fly ash, however, has too high a concentration of heavy metals, which may cause leaching problems during use or problems with waste handling at the end of the lifetime of the concrete. The Cl content in MSWI fly ash is also too high and will cause corrosion problems in reinforced concrete. The possibility of removing some of the unwanted heavy metals (Cu and Pb) together with Cl from an MSWI fly ash suspended in water using an electrodialytic separation method was investigated. The removal of Pb and Cu was found to be highly pH dependent and the highest contents removed were 41 and 90%, respectively. The Cu concentration of the ash decreased from 2200 to 860 mg kg^?1 but the Pb concentration increased from 8560 to 16 800 mg kg^?1, showing that Pb is mainly found in the ash fraction that is least soluble. Hence electrodialytic treatment of the ash suspended in water is not a solution to improve the ash quality in terms of Pb. The water‐soluble Cl content per unit weight of the original ash was 12.4%. The removal of water‐soluble Cl was efficient and >98% of Cl was removed (calculated on the basis of mean initial and final concentrations). This result indicates that electrodialytic extraction may be a method that can be used for the removal of Cl from ash prior to its utilization in concrete. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

用三维实体单元分析薄壁箱型结构应注意的问题

从四边固定正方形板受均布载荷的经典问题入手,结合不同类型单元的特点,探讨应用三维实体单元分析薄壁箱型结构时应注意的几个问题,纠正三维实体单元分析和应用的误区,为提高结构分析计算结果精度提供参考.     

Photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation on Zn1-x Cu x S solid solution

The H₂ evolution reaction from an aqueous Na₂SO₃ solution proceeded with 3.7% quantum yield under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) on a Zn_0.957Cu_0.043S solid solution photocatalyst without co‐catalysts such as Pt. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.