一种混沌流密码算法设计与实现

提出了一种基于Logistic混沌映射的流密码算法,该算法利用混沌本身所具有的随机特性,提出了一种新的对混沌系统扰动的方法。通过编码算法以及在混沌随机序列数字化的基础上引入一种新的非线性变换算法,以抵抗对混沌流密码系统的各种攻击。经统计测试和相关分析,密钥序列具有较高的线性复杂度和良好的密码学特性。整个加密系统的周期性大、灵活性好,加密模型还可以推广到其他混沌系统。     

Invertebrate communities in Compensation Creek,a man‐made stream in boreal Newfoundland: The influence of large woody debris

Benthic invertebrate communities were examined in Compensation Creek, a man‐made stream in south‐central Newfoundland, Canada. Samples taken in September 2006 and September 2007 from large woody debris (LWD) were compared with samples from benthic environments to determine whether LWD supported a more diverse and abundant invertebrate community. Benthic habitats in a nearby natural stream were also sampled. Taxa composition was similar between the man‐made and the natural stream, highlighting successful colonization for the majority of taxa. Within Compensation Creek, taxa richness was higher in benthic habitats than on LWD, likely influenced by the successional age of the stream and surrounding habitat. The more complex benthic substrate provided refugia and allowed for the accumulation of fine detritus as a food source. Scrapers were almost completely absent from LWD and collector‐gatherer abundance was greater in the benthos. Collector‐filterer abundance was more than six times greater near the pond outflow than farther downstream when discharge was high, but abundances were almost equal when discharge was reduced. Riparian vegetation has not fully established around the man‐made stream, whereas it is overhanging and extensive at the natural stream, leading to more leaf‐litter input for shredders. As the morphology of Compensation Creek changes, the invertebrate community will continue to develop and likely increase utilization of accumulated detritus at LWD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A least-squares support vector machine approach to predict temperature drop accompanying a given pressure drop for the natural gas production and processing systems

Precise estimation of temperature variations throughout gas production systems can enhance designing the production amenities. Routine methods for determining the temperature profiles in gas production systems are based on the gas composition and flash calculations. However, if the gas compositions are not available, the gas production system can be modelled by employing a black-oil approach, which is also a method for calculating the oil/gas resources and for modelling the gas reservoir operation. Accordingly, for black-oil models and when the natural gas compositions are not accessible, applying robust predictive tools in this research is of high interest in natural production systems. The current study places emphasis on applying the predictive model based on the least- squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to estimate precisely the proper temperature drop associated with a given pressure drop throughout the natural gas production systems based on the black-oil approach to acquire an accurate result for the temperature drop of natural gas streams. Genetic algorithm was used to optimise hyper-parameters (γ and σ²) which are embedded in the LSSVM model. Using this method is simple and it accurately determines the temperature drop through the natural gas stream with minimum uncertainty.     

In‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment in riverine ecosystems

Construction activities within the wetted‐perimeter of rivers, referred to as in‐stream construction, are prevalent economically and environmentally motivated activities having direct interactions with sensitive lotic environments. Currently, there is a paucity of research related to in‐stream construction activities and their effects on aquatic ecosystems. In‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment may result in harmful effects to aquatic flora and fauna. Regulatory frameworks worldwide focus primarily on concentration, with limited consideration for duration and no consideration for spatial extents of suspended sediment exposures. This research develops theoretical concentration, duration, and spatial extent exposure risk relationships for riverine ecosystems to demonstrate the influence of each mechanism during typical in‐stream construction activities. To reduce exposure risk, concentration and duration may be considered pragmatically, based on anticipated activity characteristics and site conditions. Spatial exposure characteristics are important to consider, as illustrated by our finding that activities located near the channel centerline may result in greater exposure risk than similar activities conducted near the streambank. Current regulatory frameworks worldwide do not sufficiently consider all exposure risk mechanisms present during in‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment releases, possibly inhibiting efforts to reduce adverse environmental effects. This research improves our understanding of suspended sediment in lotic environments and may help environmental managers better evaluate and manage in‐stream construction activities.     

混凝土力学时空特性对衬砌支护设计影响研究

竖井支护设计对围岩稳定和施工安全具有重要意义,水利水电工程中采用正井法开挖引水竖井的工程案例较少。根据正井法施工特点,确定开挖、初衬以及拆模等工序需要的具体时间,考虑混凝土力学参数的时效特征,并结合所在区域的地质条件、岩体力学参数以及开挖进尺,对初衬设计厚度、强度以及拆模时间等进行了研究,形成了一套基于正井法施工,考虑衬砌混凝土力学参数时空特征条件下的衬砌设计方法。实践表明,考虑混凝土力学参数时空特征条件下的支护设计更加合理,具有一定经济和社会效益。     

长江下游干流河道内最小环境需水量计

 目前关于河道内环境需水量研究多集中于水资源短 缺性河流，而关于水量比较充足河流的环境需水量的研究报道较少。依据长江下游生态环境 特点提出并概算了长江下游干流河道内最小环境需水量。计算结果表明 ，长江下游干流河 道内最小环境需水量约为 2 069.2亿m3。在丰水年枯水期该环境流量对长江口的生态 环境影响不大，但在枯水年枯水期将会产生严重的生态环境问题。      

Factors structuring macroinvertebrate communities in a headwater stream and its springs in the Upper Austrian Limestone Alps

The Almbach, a headwater stream in the Upper Austrian foothills of the Alps bordered by mountain pastures was studied to gain insight into the benthic macroinvertebrate community and its habitat. Two springs, one of them fenced in to prevent livestock access, and two more sites of the headwater section were investigated. A discriminant analysis (DA) based on hydrochemistry and phytobenthos revealed three functions with 86% of all samples correctly classified to the four sites. The first function clearly separated the two springs with phosphorus and oxygen as the most important discriminating factors. Spring sites and headwater sites were split up by the second function mainly due to nitrate concentration, but no differences could be detected for the two stream sites. With the exception of the fenced spring, indicator taxa could be assigned to all sites by means of an Indicator Species Analysis (ISA). Polyvalent taxa groups such as Gastropoda and Ostracoda were indicators for the unfenced spring site. This is in accordance to observed low abundances of sensitive plecopteran taxa and suggests a negative impact of livestock trampling on the invertebrate community. Redundancy Analysis explained 99% of the macroinvertebrate‐environment relation. The first axis separated springs from stream sites and was correlated with nitrate, pH, water temperature and phytobenthos eveness. Phosphorus was responsible for splitting the unfenced spring and the downstream station from the fenced spring and the upstream location along the second axis. Ephemeropteran taxa like Habrophlebia sp. were related to elevated pH, increased water temperature and low nitrate concentrations. In accordance to the ISA, nitrate played an important role for tolerant Gastropoda and Ostracoda at the unfenced spring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于逆建模技术的淮河干流长台关-息县段入河污染负荷评估

以淮河上游长台关-息县段为研究对象,以2008年为算例,根据研究区域汇流特征,建立分布式源模型,基于贝叶斯统计方法进行逆建模,利用断面水质序列实测资料,测算区域入河污染负荷及主要水质因子降解系数。结果表明:淮河上游长台关-息县段NH3-N、COD入河污染负荷总量分别为1.7万t/a、8.9万t/a;受主要入流面源污染负荷季节性影响,NH3-N入河污染负荷为657.55～2 014.99 t/月,COD入河污染负荷为3897.73～13311.83 t/月;研究区域水体环境NH3-N、COD降解系数分别为0.356/d、0.202/d,NH3-N、COD负荷模拟值和实测值的相关系数分别为0.943、0.979。     

可配置流处理器核心级指令设计及相关编译技术研究

针对目前微处理器面对通用性、高性能、功耗效率的矛盾,我们提出了可配置流处理器的解决方案。本文重点研究了可配置流处理器中核心级指令设计及相关的编译技术,其核心设计思想是根据应用的计算特征设计流处理器中的核心级指令集,从而降低指令集硬件资源的需求。     

基于摘要技术的混合模型流数据聚类算法

传统的数据库管理系统和数据查询算法不能很好地支持对流数据的查询已经被广泛认识,因而需要研究新的流数据模式查询算法.提出了一种基于摘要技术的在线快速混合模型流数据聚类算法,该算法为分阶段混合模型聚类过程.算法首先时最初到达的流数据用多维网格结构进行划分,对划分形成的每一个单元进行数据摘要,提取足够的统计信息.对该摘要运行基于模型的贪心聚类算法,聚类形成的混合模型的摘要信息存储在永久摘要数据库中,从而形成初始聚类混合模型;在聚类模型的维持过程中,当不断有流数据到达时,对到达的数据块用多维网格结构进行划分,对划分形成的每一个单元提取足够的摘要信息.对该摘要运行基于模型的贪心聚类算法形成聚类混合模型.在判断是否可以把新到达的模型合并到现有的混合模型中去时,提出了三种合并标准.实验表明,该算法减少了分类误差,其速度也比传统的基于模型的贪心聚类算法大大加快.