边界对齐的平滑三维对称标架场

为了把广泛应用于网格四边形化和纹理合成的二维表面标架场拓展到三维,提出一种生成三维对称标架场的方法.不同于表面对称标架场(四对称方向场),二维标架场的对称性能用一个切平面的旋转角度来表示,而三维对称标架场的对称性却不能这样简单地表示.为了解决这个问题,利用球面函数来获得一个对称性表述,该表述对于绕任意一个轴的π/2旋转以及它们的复合是不变的.基于球面函数的表示可以获得一个有效的标架场光顺程度的度量,并以球面调和分析进行加速计算;基于一组边界约束,可以通过极小化这个度量函数来获得一个光顺的标架场,该标架场在表面上能很好地对齐法线.最后通过表面投影、流线追踪和奇异点来可视化这个标架场,并将这个光顺的标架场用于六面体网格生成,且讨论了它在生成高质量纯六面体网格方面的潜力,其与表面标架场在生成四边形网格方面的潜力是一致的.     

煤矿井下便携式电子设备电源设计要点

针对便携式电子设备的电源性能影响设备稳定运行的问题,探讨了便携式电子设备电源设计要点:介绍了电池类型的选择,指出选择锂电池作为后备电池较为理想;分析了电源安全栅的保护方式,指出先限流后截止的安全栅保护方式可有效提高电源的抗干扰能力;针对电池Boost升压电路中出现的振铃问题,给出了优化Boost变换器关键环路的解决方法,有效减小了电源纹波。     

国内焊接球罐的用材及热处理技术

简述了焊接球罐的发展及应用情况。分析了焊接球罐的工作载荷及失效的特点。强调了焊接球罐焊后热处理的必要性。鉴于专利技术能代表一个国家在某领域的技术进展状况,故结合10项中国专利,从球罐用钢、球罐焊后热处理及球罐用保温材料三个方面,详细介绍了中国在该领域的新的发展。     

Na+掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性质的影响

采用高温固相法成功制备了不同Na+掺杂浓度的Li_1-xNa_xNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂锂离子电池正极材料,探究了Na元素掺杂对层状氧化物正极材料结构以及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的结构和形貌,结果表明,当x≤0.3时,样品不会出现其它杂相;当x＞0.3时,样品中会出现NaNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的杂相。同时随着掺杂浓度的增加,样品的阳离子混排度逐渐增加。电化学性能结果表明,少量Na+的掺入可以提高LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂在0.2C,0.5C下的放电比容量并增强其循环稳定性,但会损坏材料的倍率性能。     

多级结构MoS2/C复合材料的储锂性能

利用二硫化钼和葡萄糖为原料,采用一锅乙醇/水复合溶剂热-后热处理法制备了绣球花状结构MoS₂/C复合材料。考查了乙醇/水复合溶剂的合理组成和MoS₂/C复合材料中碳的合理含量,分别采用SEM和TEM表征了MoS₂/C材料的形貌结构,通过TGA测试和计算了材料中的碳含量。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试了MoS₂/C复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明,MoS₂/C复合材料拥有多级花球状结构,缓解了MoS₂的团聚,使电极材料的利用率和电化学稳定性显著提高。当V（乙醇）：V（水）为1：2,碳含量为50%时,MoS₂/C复合电极在200 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,充放电循环100次后,可逆容量达到762 mA·h·g^-1。     

LiCoO2材料的电化学制备及回收研究进展

LiCoO₂电池自商业化以来,在人们的生产和生活中发挥重要作用。电化学法具有简单、高效、环保等特点,被广泛应用于LiCoO₂材料的制备和回收。综述了电化学法制备和回收LiCoO₂材料的研究现状,重点阐述了电化学制备LiCoO₂材料的方法、原理及产物的电化学性能等,以期为电化学方法在制备和回收LiCoO₂材料领域的发展提供基础。     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

激光异物清理系统的光束发射系统设计

高压电网长距离传输线路经常飘落缠绕风筝塑料等异物需要及时清理,而人工异物清除方法存在较大安全隐患。激光具有发散角小、方向性高、高亮度的特点,是远距离非接触式电网异物清除的有效手段。为此在实验室搭建激光毁伤测试系统,测量典型电网异物清除阈值,依据测量结果设计了一种适用于户外使用的固定焦距光束发射系统,系统由3片分离式球面镜片组成,成像质量达到衍射极限,结构简单紧凑,长度仅有272 mm,重量小于48 g。根据设计结果,通过优化设计光源到透镜的距离,可实现系统在20~200 m工作距离调整。最终,采用物理光学传播功能模拟系统实际的使用情况,系统在发射基模高斯光束时,在各工作距离下光斑直径均小于9 mm,达到异物清除阈值,可实现对各类电网异物的有效清除。     

Room-Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Using Metal Organic Framework Composited Comb-Like Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) Acrylate Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Solid polymer electrolyte with good thermal stability and flexibility is an excellent candidate for solid-state lithium metal batteries, while its low ionic conductivity caused by high crystallinity limits its application at ambient temperature. Here a metal organic framework (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ZIF-8) composited comb-like methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate polymer electrolyte (MCPE) with high ionic conductivity (9.96 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) is prepared by an in situ UV polymerization method. The as-prepared MCPE exhibits improved mechanical property due to the introduction of porous ZIF-8 nanofillers, which is beneficial to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. Consequently, the LiFePO₄||MCPE||Li cells show a high capacity of 116 mAh g⁻¹ at 30 °C and 0.5 C, and maintain 89.4% of initial capacity after 150 cycles with the average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. These results demonstrate that the MCPE shows great potential in solid-state lithium metal batteries near room temperature.     

Controllable synthesis of pure monodispersed zirconia nanopowders with tetragonal phase

Nanopowders of pure zirconia have been synthesized using citric acid (CA)-assisted lamellar liquid crystal template method. The microstructure of the zirconia powder prepared at the different mole ratios of CA to zirconium oxynitrate (ZN) was characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The phase structure of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/C₁₀H₂₁OH/H₂O system before and after adding mixing solution CA and ZN was determined by POM (Polarizing Optical Microscope). The results show that lamellar structure of the SDS/C₁₀H₂₁OH/H₂O system after adding mixing solution CA and ZN is stable. The presence of CA inhibits agglomeration and growth of zirconia particle. The crystallite size of zirconia powders decreases and agglomerates lowly with addition of CA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FI-IR) analyses reveal that the structure of chelating organic complex is maintained in zirconia structure at high-temperature calcination to cause oxygen vacancies which stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. The zirconia powders remained the single metastable tetragonal phase at the molar ratios of CA to ZN ranging from 1:3 to 5:1. The crystallite size of zirconia with spherical morphology varied from 32.2 to 20.1 nm with the increase of the molar ratio of CA to ZN in the range of 1:3 to 5:1.