Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wet Sand Exposed to Solar Radiation—Models and Experiments Concerning Buried Objects

One promising method of locating buried objects, such as land mines, is to use optical systems for detecting contrasts in surface temperature. With enhanced knowledge about the interacting physical processes behind these temperature contrasts, it is possible to improve detection precision. In such a context, moisture movement in the soil and moisture evaporation from the surface have been found to be of particular interest. This study was based on indoor experiments on wet and dry sand exposed to radiation from a solar panel. Simulations of heat and moisture transfer conducted with a one-dimensional model are also presented for the experiments. The calculations were successful in accurately predicting surface temperatures for both wet and dry sand, making it possible to predict surface temperatures under different conditions. These findings will contribute to increasing the probability of successful detection of buried objects under real conditions using optical methods.     

Interfacial Dipoles and Radiated Energy

Electric dipoles radiate an electromagnetic field into their surroundings. The electric and magnetic fields from a point source or from linear dipoles have components parallel to a spherical surface but also a radial component. In most investigations on radiated fields, only the part of the electric field that is parallel to a spherical surface is taken into account. The argument is that only that component contributes to the radiated energy. Here we show that the phase front in the lower half space is not a spherical surface and hence, the radial components contribute to radiated energy. We show differences in radiation patterns for point electric dipoles and linear dipoles, either modeled as perfectly conducting wires or as resistively loaded wires. Our primary interest lies with improving image resolution through processing of Ground-Penetrating Radar data. Here the emphasis lies with understanding the radiation characteristics of linear dipoles that can be incorporated with image processing algorithms. The model uses a thin-wire approximation for the transmitter antenna. The solution to the discrete system of equations is solved, incorporating interaction between the interface, using a CGFFT scheme including symmetrization and a newly developed preconditioning operator. We look at the electric and magnetic fields as well as the time-averaged Poynting vector radiation patterns in the E-plane and H-plane of the transmitting antenna. The results show that the radial component of the radiated electric and magnetic field is not negligible, even at distances more than seven wavelengths away from the antennas.     

准噶尔盆地不整合结构的地球物理响应及油气成藏意义

准噶尔盆地自成盆期以来经历了多期次构造运动,形成数个不整合。这些不整合在剖面上可分为5种类型,它们在地震上具有明显的反射特征。在纵向上,不整合分为3层结构,每层结构发育着多种岩石类型,它们在测井曲线组合上具各自不同的响应。不整合纵向的分层结构构成油气运移的双重通道,同时为油气聚集提供良好的储集空间和圈闭条件。尽管不整合的成藏条件有共同之处,但由于形成各类不整合时的应力强度、应力作用方式及地层变形程度等存在差异,导致不同类型的不整合还具有各自不同的油气成藏模式。      

应用人工神经网络优化五点法水平井井网

水平井直井联合布井方式越来越多地应用到油田的实际开发中，但是井网的选择与优化方面的研究比较少，特别是没有根据不同开发阶段变化的生产动态对水平井井网进行优化。应用人工神经网络技术，在进行数值模拟计算的基础上，制作样本并训练网络，可预测任意面积、任意水平井长度下的五点法水平井井网在不同开发阶段的生产动态，优化出不同生产时间和不同井网面积条件下最优井网穿透比，即生产10a时最优井网穿透比为0．55～0．8。与数值模拟结果进行对比，最大误差在1％以内，表明这种方法既快速简便又具有较高的精确性，可以有效地指导五点法水平井井网优化设计。     

提花织物意匠和纹板CAM系统

CAM系统的研制是从国情出发,保持传统产品特点和工艺要求,能适应多品种多规格的需要,有使用方便和通用性强的优点,并且在小样彩色图案的输入和识别处理、意匠过程中顺势间丝、影光、泥地处理等难题上有突破性发展,达到了实用要求。     

同步辐射晶体单色器晶体热应变的模拟与实验结果的比较

报道了同步辐射装置光束线关键部件之一的晶体单色器晶体热应变的ANSYS有限元模拟结果,并与实验结果进行了比对,模拟结果在实验误差范围(约士15%)内与实验数据符合,证明了模拟结果的可靠性.     

Water and Radiation Effect on Sweet Sorghum Productivity

Suitability of sweet sorghum in Greece, where irrigation supply during crop development is limited as rainfall is scarce and evapotranspiration loss is high, is examined in relation with radiation availability. A two-year field experiment was conducted, in central Greece, imposing four soil water regimes via different irrigation treatments: (1) Highly irrigated, (2) Highly irrigated till anthesis when irrigation stopped, (3) Medium irrigated, and (4) Low irrigated. It was found that above-ground dry biomass production from non-water-stressed sweet sorghum plants suggests a high productivity potential among C₄ crops. Under water shortage, radiation use efficiency may be significantly lower. Radiation use efficiency seems to be linearly related to water consumption. Stressed plants (probably except severely stressed) seem to use available water more efficiently than unstressed plants. The slope of the line relating dry matter produced and water evapotranspired increases the sooner the stress is sensed. Yield reduction resulting from post-anthesis irrigation stopage is very little. High water use efficiency values tend to be related with low radiation use efficiency values.     

THERMAL RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR OF POROUS CHAR PARTICLES

The effects of thermal radiation on the pseudosteady state and transient behavior of porous char particles exposed to an oxygen containing environment are investigated. The numerical simulation results show that particles that do not interchange radiant energy with their environment are characterized by wider ambient temperature regions where multiple steady states exist, higher combustion rates, and lower burning times     

同步辐射x射线光刻制作深亚微米T形栅

x射线光刻非常适合用于深亚微米T形栅的制作,这是因为它的高分辨率、大的曝光视场和高的生产效率足以满足MMIC制造工艺的要求。本文中我们首先对我们的x射线掩模制造工艺进行介绍,然后论述了一种用于制造深亚微米T形栅的两层胶工艺,介绍了所取得的一些研究结果,最后对国内的深亚微米光刻现状进行了简要分析。     

一个基于相关存储的模式识别方法

应用相关的存储技术实现模式识别可缩减存储大小,但由此带来的饱和问题严重影响系统正常工作,为解决此问题,本文在分析现有系统的基础上给出了基于一系列逻辑操作的识别技术.该技术的实质是用一形式化的方法增加输入模式间的线性无关性.通过论证与实例验证,该方法是有效而实用的.