异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物的合成与表征

以二枯基氯/四氯化钛/2,6 -二叔丁基吡啶为引发体系,在-80℃条件下采用正离子聚合法合成了异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物(IB -co -p - MeSt),研究了不同单体投料比(摩尔比)下聚合反应的特征,并通过示差折光指数仪/多角激光光散射仪/紫外检测器、核磁共振氢谱、差示扫描量热法和热重分析对无规共聚物进行了表...     

Molecular weight dependence of growth and morphology of it-poly(butene-1) spherulites

Molecular weight dependence of growth and morphology of spherulites of isotactic poly(butene-1), iPB-1, and those of the mixtures with atactic poly(butene-1), aPB-1, were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) in order to examine the mechanism of the structural evolution by the branching and re-orientation of lamellar crystals at the growth front. The width of lamellar crystals and the characteristic size of the inner structure of spherulites decreased with increasing molecular weight. The result suggests that the mobility of the melt determines the sizes in spherulites and supports the growth front instability induced by a gradient triggering the branching. The sizes in the mixtures also decreased with increasing weight-averaged molecular weight, M_w. The size dependence in low M_w region, however, was too strong and that in high M_w was too weak in comparison with the predicted dependence for the prepared M_w. It has been concluded that the peculiar behaviors should be discussed with effective M_w influenced by the occurrence of separation and exclusion of non-crystallizing aPB-1 at the growth front.     

PET共聚酯的热性能及其纤维的力学性能

直接酯化法合成了一系列聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)-间苯二甲酸双羟乙酯磺酸钠(SIPE)-聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚酯,以差示扫描量热分析法(DSC)研究了这些共聚酯及纯PET的熔融和结晶过程,并利用万能材料测试仪研究了纤维的力学性能。试验结果表明:加入SIPE和PEG后,共聚酯熔点(Tm)、玻璃化转变温度(T)g降低;随着PEG相对分子质量的增大,PET共聚酯的Tg、冷结晶温度(Tc)c、Tm、结晶温度降低(T)c,纤维的断裂强度和初始模量下降,断裂伸长率增加。     

非极性混合介质中分散聚合法制备聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮

以乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为单体,环己烷的混合溶剂为分散介质,AIBN为引发剂,SEBS为分散剂,采用分散聚合的方法制备了分散性能好、粒径为1μm左右、热稳定性较好的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。考察了单体含量、引发剂用量、分散剂用量对分散聚合反应的影响。结果表明,转化率和分子量均随单体含量增加而增大,随引发剂的量的增大而减小;且在单体含量为30%、AIBN的用量为0.5%,分散剂用量为10%时,所合成的聚合物分子量最大。     

超高分子质量聚乙烯生产工艺与应用进展

介绍了超高分子质量聚乙烯（UHMW-PE）目前国内外生产及工艺情况。UHMW-PE是一种新型高性能的热塑性工程塑料,随着其加工技术的不断突破,其制品已在纺织、造纸、包装、化工、农业、医疗及体育等领域得到了广泛应用,并且具有广阔的市场发展前景。     

重量法测定缩合磷酸铝中三聚磷酸铝含量

基于重量法,以助溶剂TP溶解缩合磷酸铝,氯化-二氯双(乙二胺)合钴为沉淀剂,考察了样品加入量,溶解时间及沉淀反应时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明,取样1 g,溶解时间2 h,沉淀反应时间15 m in,测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD=0.39%,与热失重仪器分析法(含量测定)测定结果的相对误差为0.23%,该测定方法简捷,具有实用性。     

Ultradrawing properties of ultrahigh‐ molecular‐weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube fibers prepared at various formation temperatures

The influence of formation temperature on the ultradrawing properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube (UHMWPE/CNT) fiber specimens is investigated. Gel solutions of UHMWPE/CNT with various CNT contents were gel‐spun at the optimum concentration and temperature but were cooled at varying formation temperatures in order to improve the ultradrawing and tensile properties of the UHMWPE/CNT composite fibers. The achievable draw ratio (D_ra) values of UHMWPE/CNT as‐prepared fibers reach a maximum when they are prepared with the optimum CNT content and formation temperature. The D_ra value of UHMWPE/CNT as‐prepared fibers produced using the optimum CNT content and formation temperature is about 33% higher than that of UHMWPE as‐prepared fibers produced using the optimum concentration and formation temperature. The percentage crystallinity (W_c) and melting temperature (T_m) of UHMWPE/CNT as‐prepared fiber specimens increase significantly as the formation temperature increases. In contrast, W_c increases but T_m decreases significantly as the CNT content increases. Dynamic mechanical analysis of UHMWPE and UHMWPE/CNT fiber specimens exhibits particularly high α‐transition and low β‐transition, wherein the peak temperatures of α‐transition and β‐transition increase dramatically as the formation temperature increases and/or CNT content decreases. In order to understand these interesting drawing, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the UHMWPE and UHMWPE/CNT as‐prepared fiber specimens, birefringence, morphological and tensile studies of as‐prepared and drawn fibers were carried out. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting properties are proposed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Stochastic inventory management for tactical process planning under uncertainties: MINLP models and algorithms

We address in this article the mid‐term planning of chemical complexes with integration of stochastic inventory management under supply and demand uncertainty. By using the guaranteed service approach to model time delays in the flows inside the network, we capture the stochastic nature of the supply and demand variations, and develop an equivalent deterministic optimization model to minimize the production, feedstock purchase, cycle inventory, and safety stock costs. The model determines the optimal purchases of the feedstocks, production levels of the processes, sales of final products, and safety stock levels of all the chemicals. We formulate the model as a mixed‐integer nonlinear program with a nonconvex objective function and nonconvex constraints. To solve the global optimization problem with modest computational times, we exploit some model properties and develop a tailored branch‐and‐refine algorithm based on successive piecewise linear approximation. Five industrial‐scale examples with up to 38 processes and 28 chemicals are presented to illustrate the application of the model and the performance of the proposed algorithm. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

浸渍增重率和反渗率研究

对浸溃过程中浸渍剂沥青的浸入率和反渗率进行了分析与探讨。提出了理想增重率、理论增重率与实际增重率的概念和计算方法。并比较了实际增重率与操作增重率的差别。同时分析了抽真空的绝对压力与施压的绝对压力对各项增重率和反渗率的影响。     

阻垢缓蚀剂对不锈钢管缓蚀效果的评定方法

用点蚀电位法和失重法评价了七种阻垢缓蚀剂在不同冷却水样中对不锈钢的缓蚀效果。用腐蚀失重法评价阻垢缓蚀剂对不锈钢的缓蚀效果，既不合理也很难测准。点蚀电位法是评价阻垢缓蚀剂对不锈钢缓蚀效果的有效方法，但要选择合适的空白水样。