Parameter tuning method for dither compensation of a pneumatic proportional valve with friction

In the practical application of pneumatic control devices, the nonlinearity of a pneumatic control valve become the main factor affecting the control effect, which comes mainly from the dynamic friction force. The dynamic friction inside the valve may cause hysteresis and a dead zone. In this paper, a dither compensation mechanism is proposed to reduce negative effects on the basis of analyzing the mechanism of friction force. The specific dither signal (using a sinusoidal signal) was superimposed on the control signal of the valve. Based on the relationship between the parameters of the dither signal and the inherent characteristics of the proportional servo valve, a parameter tuning method was proposed, which uses a displacement sensor to measure the maximum static friction inside the valve. According to the experimental results, the proper amplitude ranges are determined for different pressures. In order to get the optimal parameters of the dither signal, some dither compensation experiments have been carried out on different signal amplitude and gas pressure conditions. Optimal parameters are determined under two kinds of pressure conditions. Using tuning parameters the valve spool displacement experiment has been taken. From the experiment results, hysteresis of the proportional servo valve is significantly reduced. And through simulation and experiments, the cut-off frequency of the proportional valve has also been widened. Therefore after adding the dither signal, the static and dynamic characteristics of the proportional valve are both improved to a certain degree. This research proposes a parameter tuning method of dither signal, and the validity of the method is verified experimentally.     

PBP驱动器率相关迟滞特性研究及其线性化控制

后屈曲预压缩压电双晶片(Post-buckling pre-compression,PBP)驱动器作为一种大行程压电舵机驱动器,存在着严重的率相关迟滞现象。为了使PBP驱动器能够作为具有较高控制精度的微小型飞行器舵机驱动器,利用基于Bouc-Wen模型的Hammerstein率相关迟滞模型对其进行参数识别,并通过试验验证了该模型能够较好地预测PBP驱动器的率相关迟滞特性;在此基础上为PBP驱动器设计一种具有在线自适应能力的前馈单神经元PID复合线性化控制器,在多种单复合频率信号作用下对其控制回路进行位移跟踪半实物仿真试验,并与基于径向基函数(Radial basis function,RBF)神经网络PID控制器进行对比,结果表明前馈单神经元PID控制器具有更快的响应速度和更高的控制精度。     

压电微夹钳的位移自感知反馈复合控制*

采用自感知方法获取压电微夹钳钳指位移,构成自感知反馈复合控制系统。根据反映钳指位移、表面电荷、夹持力、驱动电压之间关系的压电悬臂梁Smits方程,提出了基于电流积分的钳指位移自感知方法;引入死区算子对传统PI模型进行改进,建立了压电微夹钳钳指位移的迟滞模型;以对偏差的抛物线积分、对输出的先行微分分别代替常规PID控制器中的积分项和微分项,设计出了压电微夹钳的改进PID反馈控制器;将前馈控制器与PID反馈控制器相结合,并采用自感知反馈方式,设计出了压电微夹钳的闭环控制系统。实验结果表明:在自感知反馈复合控制作用下,压电微夹钳对5μm阶跃参考位移的响应时间为0.24 s,若不考虑噪声影响,稳态误差几乎为零;在最大位移为14.7μm的变幅值三角波参考位移以及最大位移为14.1μm的任意波形参考位移作用下,压电微夹钳的自感知反馈复合控制亦可取得良好的控制效果,其稳态误差中线在-0.02~0.04μm之间变化。自感知反馈控制的实验结果与传感器反馈控制基本相同,从而表明压电微夹钳的自感知反馈控制是有效的。     

Equivalent linear model for fully self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems

Modern rocking and stepping cores have been known as the efficient self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems (SC‐ERSs). The current article proposes an approximate equivalent linear (EL) model for rapid estimation of the SC‐ERS displacement. An equivalent damping ratio and effective stiffness are formulated for flag‐shaped hysteresis of a fully SC‐ERS. The approximate EL model is first established using secant stiffness and Jacobsen's damping model. Nonlinear response history analyses are carried out to compare exact and approximated peak displacements. Findings reveal that EL analysis of the SC‐ERS based on Jacobsen's damping leads to underestimation of the maximum inelastic displacement. Accordingly, a new optimal damping formula is proposed using a genetic algorithm and nonlinear regression analyses. The improved EL model is validated by practical examples, and the results show acceptable accuracy in design‐level displacement estimation.     

考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维土-水特征曲面模型

为研究变形和滞回效应对非饱和土水-力耦合特性的影响,以边界面理论为基础,建立一个同时考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维非饱和土土-水特征曲面模型,所建立模型可完整地描述非饱和土的水-力耦合特性。提出的本构方程以吸力和孔隙比为自变量,以饱和度为因变量,建立三维土-水特征曲面模型,通过编程实现了本模型的预测功能。通过程序的预测结果与一系列不同应力和水力路径下的试验结果进行对比,在饱和度-吸力/孔隙比二维平面及饱和度-吸力-孔隙比三维空间中,均验证了所建立模型的适用性及预测精度。     

Influence of Microplasticity on the Static and Dynamic Elastic Moduli of Rocks

Using the analysis of experimental data as the base, it is shown that the difference in the values of static and dynamic elastic moduli of rocks is governed by viscoelastic and microplastic mechanisms of deformation, provided the stresses do not exceed the proportionality limit.     

压电陶瓷作动器非对称迟滞建模与内模控制

压电陶瓷作动器被广泛应用于精密定位和控制中,但其本身存在的非对称迟滞非线性特性,严重影响了系统的定位和控制精度。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于广义Bouc-Wen模型的非对称迟滞建模方法,并利用差分进化算法辨识模型参数;基于所建的广义Bouc-Wen模型构建了其具有解析形式的迟滞逆模型,并设计了内模控制方案实现对压电陶瓷作动器的精密跟踪控制;最后在压电陶瓷作动器实验平台,对所提出的建模和控制方案进行了实验验证。对压电陶瓷作动器的建模结果表明,系统建模误差均小于0.051 0,比经典Bouc-Wen模型的建模误差降低约21%～46%;对100 Hz内幅值为20μm的期望位移信号的控制实验结果表明,所提出的控制方法具有良好的实时跟踪性能和跟踪控制精度。对100 Hz期望信号的跟踪控制均方根误差为0.491 6μm,相对误差为0.040 2μm,可以很好地满足实际工程需要。     

基于改进J-A模型的气动肌肉迟滞建模及其补偿控制

 针对气动肌肉非对称迟滞现象,采用改进Jiles-Atherton(J-A)模型来对其进行描述,并利用自适应权重粒子群来对模型所需参数进行辨识;通过与实验数据进行对比,对所建模型精度进行验证。基于所建迟滞模型,进而提出一种积分逆迟滞补偿器,通过将其引入到PID控制系统中,实现对气动肌肉的迟滞补偿控制。仿真结果表明,引入迟滞补偿器后显著提高了对气动肌肉的控制精度,验证了所提迟滞补偿器的有效性。     

基于自导向副弹塑性变形的深孔轴线偏斜研究

基于自导向机理,分析了导向副的载荷以及接触状态,借助Hertz接触理论、弹塑性变形理论,建立了自导向副的变形模型以及深孔轴线偏斜的数学预测模型。结合理论模型和钻削实验确定了钻削过程中导向副的实际接触状态,并研究了导向条滞后量和工件材料对轴线偏斜的影响。研究表明：滞后量越大,轴线偏斜越大;材料刚度越小,轴线偏斜越大。