EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL,MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

黄河下游河道冲淤平衡临界水流能量损失研究

从河流能量损失的角度入手,采用理论研究和资料分析相结合的手段,研究了黄河下游河道(花园口-利津)河流能量损失与河道冲淤的相关关系,研究结果表明:河流一般能量损失(如机械能损失、动能损失、势能损失)和动量损失与黄河下游河道年冲淤量之间不存在相关关系;而河流有用功损失、推移功损失与河道年冲淤量之间相关性不明显,但河流悬浮功损失与黄河下游河道年冲淤量之间存在较为明显的相关关系;维持黄河下游河道(花园口-利津)冲淤平衡的能量损失临界条件是水文年内河流悬浮功损失0.75亿J.当悬浮功损失大于此临界值,下游河道将发生淤积;小于此临界值,下游河道将发生冲刷.     

黄河下游漫滩洪水调控模式研究

针对漫滩洪水特性提出了改善黄河下游“二级悬河”的方案,应用动床模型试验对改善方案进行了模拟研究。结果显示：控制漫滩可以有效的减缓“二级悬河”的发展,加大主槽累计冲刷量,减小滩区淹没面积及改善河道横比降。如果黄河下游遭遇大漫滩洪水,可以在控制漫滩条件下排放最大洪峰流量不超过10 000 m3/s的过程洪水。     

Experimental study of shell side flow-induced vibration of conical spiral tube bundle

Conical spiral tube bundles are widely used in enhancing the heat transfer via the flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers. The shell side flow-induced vibration of the conical spiral tube bundle is ...     

Evaluation of suspended load transport rate using transport formulas and artificial neural network models （Case study： Chelchay Catchment）＊

Accurate estimation of sediment load or transport rate is very important to a wide range of water resources projects. This study was undertaken to determine the most appropriate model to predict suspended load in the Chelchay Watershed, northeast of Iran. In total, 59 data series were collected from four gravel bed-rivers and a sand bed river and two depth integrating suspended load samplers to evaluate nine suspended load formulas and feed forward backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) structures. Although the Chang formula with higher correlation coefficient (r = 0.69) and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 0.013) is the best suspended load predictor among the nine studied formulas, the ANN models significantly outperform traditional suspended load formulas and show their superior performance for all statistical parameters. Among different ANN structures two models including 4 inputs, 4 hidden and one output neurons, and 4 inputs, 4 and one hidden and one output neurons provide the best simulation with the RMSE values of 0.0009 and 0.001, respectively.     

基于参数化的弧齿锥齿轮建模仿真和加工

基于参数化设计思想,以弧齿锥齿轮为研究对象,建立了渐开线方程,生成准确的齿形,实现了不同模数、齿数齿轮的快速造型;通过仿真和分析弧齿锥齿轮的运动和数控加工,预先发现和改进实际加工出现的问题,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。     

350MW超临界锅炉螺旋水冷壁壁温特性研究

针对林州热电厂350MW超临界锅炉水冷壁温度特性,采用有限容积法对矩形鳍片膜式水冷壁进行温度场分布的数值计算,分析了炉膛下部螺旋管圈的温度分布特性.计算研究表明:螺旋管圈水冷壁温度随着炉膛高度的升高而增大,最高温度出现在水冷壁向火侧或者鳍端,最高温度小于440℃,低于金属许用温度;随着锅炉负荷的升高,管壁最高温度及周向最大温差显著增大.在炉膛宽度上,各管间温度差、焓值差及亚临界压力下的干度差均很小,但其值随着热负荷的增大而增大,表明螺旋管圈水冷壁可有效消除热偏差.     

糯扎渡水电站水轮机蜗壳水压试验情况及分析

糯扎渡水电站首批安装的3台水轮机蜗壳采用椭圆型断面,水压试验时蜗壳变形严重。通过对蜗壳水压试验产生严重变形的原因分析、实体有限元分析、模拟试验和处理方案比选,采取了将蜗壳部分椭圆形断面改变为圆形断面形式,进口段增加2个混凝土支墩的处理方案。计算数据与水压试验结果对比表明,改造后的蜗壳符合设计标准,满足安全运行要求。     

金鸡滩水利枢纽悬挂式清污机设计

金鸡滩水利枢纽的悬挂式清污机是一种新型的清污机械,可以根据水电站的要求进行配套设计,能有效地解决拦污栅污物堵塞的问题,水下工作可靠,应用广泛,是老水电站清除拦污栅前污物堆积的升级改造设备。     

长螺旋搅拌止水帷幕咬合桩及其施工工艺应用实例分析

介绍了一种新型的水泥土搅拌桩成桩方法及其应用,包括测量放线定位、长螺旋钻机就位、长螺旋钻机引孔,以确定桩准确位置,松动硬土层,并排除地下障碍物,然后利用长螺旋搅拌机具边钻进边泵送浆液搅拌至设计孔底标高,重复搅拌和喷浆成桩;在完成搅拌桩施工后,利用长螺旋钻具切割该搅拌桩成孔,压灌混凝土后插入钢筋笼施工护坡桩,形成整体帷幕,达到止水与支护合二为一的效果。