Efficient Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles Catalyzed by Carbon‐Metal Covalent Bonds‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles: Synergistic Effects of Particle Size and Water

We reveal here the first hydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles catalyzed by carbon–metal covalent bonds‐stabilized palladium nanoparticles in water under mild conditions. Using a one‐phase reduction method, smaller metal–carbon covalent bond‐stabilized Pd nanoparticles were prepared with a size distribution of 2.5±0.5 nm, which showed extraordinary synergistic effects with water in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles. Water was supposed to accelerate substrate absorption and synergistic activation of molecular hydrogen on the Pd nanoparticles surface. The nanosized Pd catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for 5 runs.

     

不同原始颗粒尺寸的PHE对PA66/PHE共混物力学性能影响

使用不同原始颗粒尺寸的聚酚氧(PHE)通过双螺杆挤出机分别与尼龙(PA)66共混制备PA66/PHE共混物.测试其力学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征.研究发现,小颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸小、分散均匀且冲击强度得到提高,呈现协同效应,而拉伸强度基本与纯PA66保持一致;大颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸较大且容易发生团聚,其冲击强度降低,而拉伸强度有所增加.     

埃洛石对水性超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料防火性能的影响

以聚丙烯酸酯乳液为基体树脂,多聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇等为主阻燃剂,埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)为阻燃协效剂,制备了水性超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料,采用模拟大板燃烧法和锥形量热仪对其耐火性能进行了研究,并用扫描电镜观察了膨胀炭层的表面形貌。结果表明:HNTs对防火涂料的耐火性能影响显著,当阻燃体系中HNTs含量为10.86%时,HNTs与主阻燃剂之间有阻燃增效作用,所制备防火涂料的耐火时间为107 min,点燃时间为24 s,热释放速率峰值与点燃时间比为4.97,燃烧残余量高达48.36%,且燃烧残余物表面致密,显示出优异的耐火性能。     

稀土金属缓蚀剂的研究进展

稀土金属以其低毒、良好的缓蚀作用,有望成为一种环境友好的缓蚀剂。介绍了稀土金属缓蚀剂对各种金属缓蚀作用的研究现状、协同作用和缓蚀机理,对其研究现状及存在的问题进行了分析,展望了其在水处理领域的应用。     

实腹式单跨石拱桥空间受力性能分析

以重庆地区清.陆安桥为例,对石拱桥力学性能进行了非线性有限元分析,探讨了基于空间协同作用原理的石拱桥的受力机理。分析表明,拱墙和拱背填料对于石拱桥结构的侧向稳定、集中荷载的分散传递等均有重要的作用,有益于石拱桥的结构病害分析和加固保护。     

Construction of plate-like magnetic heterostructure for synergistic microwave absorption

The dramatically dropped permeability of magnetic materials at gigahertz frequencies, known as the Snoek's limit, has severely constrained the microwave absorbing performance of magnetic materials. To break the Snoek's limit at high frequencies, a plate-like magnetic heterostructure composed of Ni-Fe ferrite, nitride, and Permalloy is fabricated through nitridation of Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide. It has been found that single-phase magnetic flakes or the multi-phase heterostructure with extraordinarily linked magnetic nanoplates can be obtained by simply adjusting the temperature of nitridation. Due to the highly anisotropic morphology and synergistic effect at abundant heterogeneous interfaces, the magnetic heterostructure shows enhanced imaginary permeability that is even higher than that of single-phase Permalloy. Accordingly, the magnetic loss in C and X bands is improved, leading to significant enhancement of attenuation constant in this novel microwave absorber. Combined with the moderate permittivity, the impedance matching of the heterostructure is superior compared to every single component, as well as the mixture of these components. As a result, the minimum reflection loss of −59.30 dB at a thickness of 2.02 mm and effective absorption bandwidth (RL<−10 dB) of 2.44 GHz is realized. These findings provide a novel path to designing high-performance microwave absorbers based on magnetic materials.     

Efficient synthesis of phosphorus containing melamine salt for enhancing flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 blends

A tetrakis (melamine)-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid salt (EA-MEL) was synthesized by a straightforward acid–base neutralization reaction between 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (EA) and melamine (MEL). This compound, which contains phosphorus and nitrogen elements, exhibits a 40% carbon residue at a temperature of 800°C. When combined with diethyl aluminium hypophosphite (OP1230) as a flame-retardant composite in polylactic acid (PLA)/polyamide 11 blends through melt blending, a synergistic effect between the two flame retardants is observed. Consequently, the limiting oxygen index value significantly increases to 34.3, showcasing a remarkable 64.6% improvement. Additionally, the material achieves a V-0 rating according to UL-94 standards, and the peak heat release rate drops to 269 kW∙m⁻² with the addition of just 5 wt% EA–MEL. These results demonstrate that EA-MEL and OP1230 contribute to the generation of phosphoric acid derivatives and the formation of a crosslinked ( P N )_n or ( P O N )n network. This network enables the formation of a complete, compact, and expanded char residue, effectively isolating heat and oxygen.     

水/二氧化碳气氛下酒糟催化气化反应特性的研究

在固定床气化装置中,以赤泥为催化剂、水/二氧化碳为气化剂对酒糟进行气化实验。研究了赤泥添加量、气化温度和V（水）/V（二氧化碳）对酒糟气化活性的影响,并对水/二氧化碳共气化协同机理进行了探讨。结果表明：当赤泥添加量为20%（质量分数）时气化活性最佳;升高气化温度有利于提高气化反应活性;随着V（水）/V（二氧化碳）的增大,合成气产量、n（氢气）/n（一氧化碳）均增加,分别达到270.7 mmol/g和6.67;在水/二氧化碳混合气氛下共气化反应产生了明显的协同效应,协同因子在60%水-40%二氧化碳（体积分数）时达到峰值。拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜及比表面积分析表明：水/二氧化碳混合气氛下酒糟焦无定形碳和非晶碳结构的破坏程度比在纯水或二氧化碳中更严重,验证了二氧化碳和水在酒糟气化中存在协同效应;二氧化碳更容易在酒糟焦表面发生气化反应,形成大量微孔使其比表面积增加;水炭渗透力较强有利于形成中孔;在水/二氧化碳混合气氛下,二氧化碳与水产生的交互作用促进了孔结构的发育,使酒糟焦的微孔发展为中孔和大孔并促使气化反应向酒糟颗粒内部发展,这是协同效应产生的主要原因。     

Flame retardant and antibacterial properties of PLA/PHMG-P/APP composites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has evolved into a commodity polymer with numerous applications. However, its high flammability limits its viability as a perfect alternative to petrochemical engineering plastics. In this study, PLA was modified using polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The flame retardant performance of PLA/PHMG-P/APP was investigated based on the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to determine the antibacterial properties of PLA composites. The LOI of PLA-10% (P:A = 1:4) was 31.7% and was rated V-0 in the UL-94 V-0 test. The antibacterial properties of the composites reflected the antibacterial effects of PLA-10% (P: A = 1:4) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with the antibacterial rates reaching 93.41% and 93.26%, respectively. PHMG-P and APP had a synergistic flame-retardant effect and improved the flame retardancy of PLA while exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties.     

Synergistic flame retardancy of ZnO and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate in polypropylene

In order to improve the flame retardant efficiency and smoke-suppression of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate (PPAP/MCA) in PP, the synergism of ZnO and PPAP/MCA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination, UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry test (CCT). It is found that ZnO performs an exceptional synergism in flame retardant effect and inhibition on the flame propagation. Besides, ZnO can significantly inhibit the production of the smoke and CO. The TGA of the PP composites, the component and structure analysis of the heated composites and CCT residues reveal that ZnO performs the synergism primarily by the following modes: ZnO promotes obviously the charring of the composite, and improves the thermal stability as well as the strength of the intumescent layer, which brings about an improved flame retardant property and inhibiting ability on the flame propagation.