大型包装箱氮气充气仿真研究

针对大型包装箱氮气置换气体效率不高的问题,运用Fluent组分运输模型,分析了二维包装箱模型进行氮气置换气体的影响因素,结果表明:氮气置换率随着充气速度增大而增大,但速度过大会造成包装箱内部气体紊乱,不利于气体均衡排出;排气口直径对提高氮气置换率影响较小;排气口位置对提高气体置换率影响较小,但降低其位置有利于平稳均匀排气。据此分析了三维包装箱的氮气置换模拟过程,并与实际情况进行了对比,验证了仿真计算的有效性,能够对实际的工程应用提供理论参考。     

Study of Physical Properties of SiCw/Al Composites During Unloaded Thermal Cycling

The thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites squeeze cast during unloaded thermal cycling was determined and analyzed. The study had shown that the thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites reduced greatly with temperature raising. The thermal expansion coefficient of artificial ageing treatment SiCw/Al composites during unloaded thermal cycling reduced gradually, while the thermal expansion coefficient of squeezing SiCw/Al composites increased gradually. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites reduced drastically with fiber fraction increasing.     

Aeroelastic stability of heated functionally graded cylindrical shells containing fluid

The article is concerned with the analysis of panel flutter of heated circular clamped cylindrical shells made of functionally graded (FG) material, which are subject to a simultaneous action of the external supersonic gas flow and the internal flow of ideal compressible fluid. The effective properties of the material change throughout the thickness of the shell according to a power law and depend on temperature. The aerodynamic pressure is calculated based on the quasi-static aerodynamic theory. The behavior of the fluid is described in the framework of the potential theory. A mathematical formulation of the dynamic problem for elastic structure is developed based on the classical theory of shells and the principle of virtual displacements. Based on the results of numerical simulation the influence of different consistencies of the examined FG materials, thermal load, and internal flow velocity on the boundary of aeroelastic stability is analyzed.     

Transport properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)

New equations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of R134a that are valid in a wide range of pressures and temperatures are presented. They were obtained through a theoretically based, critical evaluation of the available experimental data, which showed considerable inconsistencies between data sets, in particular in the vapor phase. In the critical region the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity is well represented by a crossover model for the transport properties of fluids. Since thermodynamic properties enter into the calculation of the critical enhancement of the transport properties, a new fundamental equation for the critical region was developed also.Paper dedicated to Professor Joseph Kestin.     

瞬态热带恒功率法测量导热率

基于传统热桥法基本原理,提出了新的非对称结构模型--瞬态热带恒功率法用于测量材料的导热率。非对称结构模型将热源热带与温度传感热带电路彼此独立,消除了热带电阻自热以及环境温度变化带来的影响。通过短时间内快速测量恒流电路中两热带的电压差随时间的变化关系准确测量材料的导热率。依据此模型设计了热带加热片,建立了基于LabVIEW测试软件的实验装置自动测量平台,实验测量结果与参考材料导热率具有良好的一致性,相对偏差在3％左右,验证了该理论模型的有效性。     

Graded Heterojunction Engineering for Hole‐Conductor‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with High Hole Extraction Efficiency and Conductivity

Despite great progress in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the large‐scale application of PSCs still faces serious challenges due to the poor‐stability and high‐cost of the spiro‐OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL). It is of great fundamental importance to rationally address the issues of hole extraction and transfer arising from HTL‐free PSCs. Herein, a brand‐new PSC architecture is designed by introducing multigraded‐heterojunction (GHJ) inorganic perovskite CsPbBr_x I_3?x layers as an efficient HTL. The grade adjustment can be achieved by precisely tuning the halide proportion and distribution in the CsPbBr_x I_3?x film to reach an optimal energy alignment of the valance and conduction band between MAPbI₃ and CsPbBr_x I_3?x . The CsPbBr_x I_3?x GHJ as an efficient HTL can induce an electric field where a valance/conduction band edge is leveraged to bend at the heterojunction interface, boosting the interfacial electron–hole splitting and photoelectron extraction. The GHJ architecture enhances the hole extraction and conduction efficiency from the MAPbI₃ to the counter electrode, decreases the recombination loss during the hole transfer, and benefits in increasing the open‐circuit voltage. The optimized HTL‐free PCS based on the GHJ architecture demonstrates an outstanding thermal stability and a significantly improved PCE of 11.33%, nearly 40% increase compared with 8.16% for pure HTL‐free devices.     

AlSiC电子封装材料及器件物理性能研究进展

AlSiC电子封装材料及器件的关键指标是膨胀系数、热导率和气密性。不同工艺条件下制备的AlSiC电子封装材料物理性能相差较大。尽管已建立一些理论模型预测AlSiC电子封装材料的膨胀系数和热导率，但由于基体塑性变形、粘接剂类型及含量、粉末尺寸等许多因素影响，理论结果与实验结果相差较大。热循环过程中，基体合金类型、增强体尺寸、预处理方法和热循环次数等明显影响AlSiC电子封装材料的尺寸稳定性。温度循环对AlSiC电子封装材料物理性能的影响尚未见公开报道。     

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料国外应用研究进展

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料（CFRCMCs）因具有高比强、高比模、高可靠性、耐高温等优异性能，已成为航空航天、军事、能源等领域理想的高温结构材料。主要介绍了国外CFRCMCs在热防护系统、火箭发动机和超燃冲压发动机上应用的研究进展。     

不同变形状态下变物性梯度功能材料板瞬态热应力

用非线性有限元法分析了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的变物性梯度功能材料板的对流换热瞬态热应力问题,与已有文献比较检验了方法的正确性,给出了该材料板在不同变形状态下的瞬态热应力分布,并与常物性时的结果进行了比较。结果表明:无限自由长板内的热应力最小;当无限长板只能伸长、不能弯曲时,板内瞬态拉应力最大;当无限长板伸长、弯曲受限时,板内的瞬态压应力最大;考虑变物性时的最大拉应力比常物性减小48.9%,最大压应力减小39.6%;此外,对流换热系数的变化对不同变形状态下该变物性材料板瞬态热应力场的影响显著。此结果为该材料的设计和应用提供了准确的理论计算依据。