Microstructure and thermal behavior of Sn-Zn-Ag solders

The microstructure and thermal behavior of the Sn-Zn-Ag solder were investigated for 8.73–9% Zn and 0–3.0% Ag. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the Ag-Zn compound when the solder contains 0.1% Ag. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results indicate that Ag₅Zn₈ and AgZn₃ become prominent when the Ag content is 0.3% and above. Meanwhile, the Zn-rich phase is refined, and the Zn orientations gradually diminish upon increase in Ag content. The morphology of the Ag-Zn compound varies from nodular to dendrite structure when the Ag content increases. The growth of the Ag-Zn compounds is accompanied by the diminishing of the eutectic structure of the Sn-9Zn solder. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigation reveals that the solidus temperature of these solders exists at around 198°C. A single, sharp exothermic peak was found for the solders with Ag content less than 0.5%. Liquidus temperatures were identified with the DSC analysis to vary from 206°C to 215°C when the Ag content ranges from 1.0% to 3.0%     

不用专门相移装置的三维面形测量

提出一种不需要专用相移装置实现相移，主要利用数字图像处理技术实现三维面形测量的方法，研究结果表明，用原干涉图像及1幅以上的移值条纹图主可能实现物体三维面形的测量。     

PE/PP共混物卷绕丝微观结构的研究

用透射和扫描电子显微镜研究PP/PE共混物在熔融纺丝时 ,PE掺入对PP结构的影响。研究结果表明 :PE与PP存在一定程度的相互作用 ,PP中加入PE能改变卷绕丝中PP结晶结构 ;PP中加入质量分数低于 10 %的PE时可以顺利纺丝 ,所得的卷绕丝断裂伸长率较大 ,具有良好的可拉伸性     

On connections between 3-d microstructures and their 2-d images

The problem of recovery of three-dimensional microstructural parameters from two-dimensional images is addressed in its inverse form. Three-dimensional inhomogeneous solids with known microstructures are generated virtually and images of their cross-sections are analyzed. Three different types of randomly oriented microcracks and microcracks having preferential orientation with some scatter. Somewhat unexpected result is that, in all the cases considered, three-dimensional defect densities are very close to average values of corresponding two-dimensional parameters.     

由三面投影图生成三维立体图的方法研究

针对创新设计中零部件的三维虚拟造型问题，提出了一种由二维投影图生成三维立体图的计算机化辨识方法。通过辨识简单三维立体的形状和空间位置，克服了二维图形中面的积聚性和零件之间不规则相贯和截交曲线的识别问题，进而实现了复杂组合形体的计算机化设计与造型。最后，以箱体类零件为例，在AutoCAD环境下利用VC 和ObiectARX开发工具编程验证了该方法的有效性。     

Homogenization of hardness distribution and distortion in high pressure gas quenching

Quenching with gases rather than oil or other liquid media has the advantages of reducing the risks concerning health and environment, while simultaneously homogenizing the quenching results and minimizing distortion due to a wide range of possible process parameter variations and the pure convective heat transfer. In this contribution, a coupled solution for increasing homogenization of quenching results within high pressure gas quenching will be presented. In the first stage, an experimental test facility was set up for flow investigations and in the second stage a numerical simulation model was generated. The numerical and experimental results of the flow through the chamber were compared for several boundary conditions. Finally, after complete verification of the simulation, the model may be used to assist in parameter variation for optimization of homogeneous high pressure gas quenching.     

Material constant sensitivity boundary integral equation for anisotropic solids

In this paper, the material constant sensitivity boundary integral equation is presented, and its numerical solution proposed, based on boundary element techniques. The formulation deals with plane problems with general rectilinear anisotropy. Expressions for the computation of sensitivities for displacements, tractions, strains and stresses are derived, both for boundary and interior points. The sensitivities can be computed with respect to the bulk material properties or to the properties of part of the domain (inclusions, coatings, etc.). To assess the accuracy of the proposed approach, the computed results are compared to analytical ones derived from exact solutions obtained by complex potential theory, when possible, or finite difference derivatives otherwise. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dental amalgam – the effect of the technology of alloy powder preparation on the corrosion behaviour and the release of mercury

Dental amalgams are based on a broad spectrum of materials differing in their chemical composition, metallurgical treatment, and in the way the initial alloys powders are prepared. In addition to their chemical composition, amalgams based on various powders differ in both their microstructure and the amount of mercury needed for preparation. All these facts may affect electrochemical processes occurring during their interaction with oral fluids, and also mercury release. While verifying the effect of the technology used for the preparation of the high‐copper ternary alloy powder on the properties of resulting amalgams, this study aimed at the mechanism of their interaction with a model saliva solution as well as mercury release was included. Measurements were done in a model saliva solution using standard electrochemical methods and exposition measurements. The interaction of individual types of amalgams with artificial saliva did not reveal any significant differences. The free corrosion potential of all these amalgams in an aerated solution settled in the range of values in which tin oxidation, resulting in a layer of insoluble corrosion producsts, turned out to be the dominant anodic process. The rate of mercury release was the lowest for amalgams based on a gas‐atomized alloy. The highest rate of mercury release, and also its dependence on time, was exhibited by lathe‐cut powder based amalgam. In addition to different volume fraction of the Ag‐Hg phase and the level of its tin alloying, this different behaviour may be explained by differences in the rate at which a layer of tin corrosion products acting as a barrier to mercury release is formed.     

Effect of Processing Temperature on the Morphology of Silicon Carbide Whiskers

Two kinds of SiC whiskers were annealed at temperatures similar to those for the processing of ceramic matrix composites. The morphology and structure of the as-received and postannealed whiskers were investigated by SEM, TEM, and XRD, and the influence of processing temperature on the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites was discussed.     

不锈钢上激光熔敷涂层结构特征与质量研究

采用5kW连续CO2激光器对经等离子喷涂的NiCoCrAlY结合层和ZrO2陶瓷层进行二次重熔处理，并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和显微硬度计对激光熔敷涂层进行了显微结构、元素分布以及显微硬度观察与测试，结果表明：多道搭接工艺能降低熔敷涂层气孔率，ZrO2陶瓷层稀释度低，与基体结合完好，并观察到NiCoCrAlY合金层中存在明显的对流图案，加入了TiO2-Al-Ti添加剂的ZrO2陶瓷层激光重熔后得到了无裂纹的定向生长柱状晶，并且呈现一次枝晶平均间距为2．3μm的表层和平均间距为3．8μm的次表层结构。