Multi-View Scene Capture by Surfel Sampling: From Video Streams to Non-Rigid 3D Motion,Shape and Reflectance

In this paper we study the problem of recovering the 3D shape, reflectance, and non-rigid motion properties of a dynamic 3D scene. Because these properties are completely unknown and because the scene's shape and motion may be non-smooth, our approach uses multiple views to build a piecewise-continuous geometric and radiometric representation of the scene's trace in space-time. A basic primitive of this representation is the dynamic surfel, which (1) encodes the instantaneous local shape, reflectance, and motion of a small and bounded region in the scene, and (2) enables accurate prediction of the region's dynamic appearance under known illumination conditions. We show that complete surfel-based reconstructions can be created by repeatedly applying an algorithm called Surfel Sampling that combines sampling and parameter estimation to fit a single surfel to a small, bounded region of space-time. Experimental results with the Phong reflectancemodel and complex real scenes (clothing, shiny objects, skin) illustrate our method's ability to explain pixels and pixel variations in terms of their underlying causes—shape, reflectance, motion, illumination, and visibility.     

Automatic registration of laser reflectance and colour intensity images for 3D reconstruction

The objective of the work presented in this paper is to generate complete, high-resolution models of real world scenes from passive intensity images and active range sensors. In previous work, an automatic method has been developed in order to compute 3D models of real world scenes from laser range data. The aim of this project is to improve these existing models by fusing range and intensity data. The paper presents different techniques in order to find correspondences between the different sets of data. Based on these control points, a robust camera calibration is computed with a minimal user intervention in order to avoid the fastidious point and click phase that is still necessary in many systems. The intensity images are then re-projected into the laser coordinate frame to produce an image that combines the laser reflectance and the available video intensity images into a colour texture map.     

Structure from Motion: Beyond the Epipolar Constraint

The classic approach to structure from motion entails a clear separation between motion estimation and structure estimation and between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) information. For the recovery of the rigid transformation between different views only 2D image measurements are used. To have available enough information, most existing techniques are based on the intermediate computation of optical flow which, however, poses a problem at the locations of depth discontinuities. If we knew where depth discontinuities were, we could (using a multitude of approaches based on smoothness constraints) accurately estimate flow values for image patches corresponding to smooth scene patches; but to know the discontinuities requires solving the structure from motion problem first. This paper introduces a novel approach to structure from motion which addresses the processes of smoothing, 3D motion and structure estimation in a synergistic manner. It provides an algorithm for estimating the transformation between two views obtained by either a calibrated or uncalibrated camera. The results of the estimation are then utilized to perform a reconstruction of the scene from a short sequence of images.The technique is based on constraints on image derivatives which involve the 3D motion and shape of the scene, leading to a geometric and statistical estimation problem. The interaction between 3D motion and shape allows us to estimate the 3D motion while at the same time segmenting the scene. If we use a wrong 3D motion estimate to compute depth, we obtain a distorted version of the depth function. The distortion, however, is such that the worse the motion estimate, the more likely we are to obtain depth estimates that vary locally more than the correct ones. Since local variability of depth is due either to the existence of a discontinuity or to a wrong 3D motion estimate, being able to differentiate between these two cases provides the correct motion, which yields the least varying estimated depth as well as the image locations of scene discontinuities. We analyze the new constraints, show their relationship to the minimization of the epipolar constraint, and present experimental results using real image sequences that indicate the robustness of the method.     

金属工艺学中关于冷热塑性变形若干问题的讨论

本文就金属工艺学中关于金属与合金的冷热塑性变形若干问题进行分析讨论提出了一些看法。     

Applications of specialized coils for high-resolution MRI on a whole-body scanner

To investigate the application of a mini-coil surface system for high-resolution MRI, 60 volunteers were examined in a 1.5-T whole-body scanner. Two replaceable probe heads were available: a circular 2.5-cm coil and a quadratic 5-cm coil, both of which were placed directly on the skin. The skin layers, Achilles tendon and finger joints were examined with the 2.5-cm coil and a FOV of 25 × 25 mm². A matrix of 256 × 256 pixels resulted in a pixel size of 0.098 × 0.098 mm². For imaging of the carpal tunnel, the 5-cm coil was used in transverse orientation. The FOV was 50 × 50 mm² so that a matrix of 256 × 256 pixels led to a pixel size of 0.195 × 0.195 mm². The resulting spatial resolution permitted visualization of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis, resulting in clear definition of anatomical detail of the musculoskeletal system. MRI measurement of skin-layer thickness did not correlate with histometric data (p<0.05). This discrepancy was due in part to shrinkage of the tumor specimen on histologic preparation. Other causes include the motion artifacts and the limited accuracy of determining thickness on the MRI display unit.     

微机控制的超声病理组织切片处理机研制

描述了一种微机控制的超声波处理病理组织切片的新型仪器。由于采用超声波技术且实现了操作自动化,使处理时间由目前常用的化学有机溶剂自然脱水法的每个处理周期24小时,降低至每个处理周期2小时,有利于对病情的及时确诊,且处理质量大大提高。仪器还可用于处理动、植物的组织切片等。     

基于阵列式吸收发光CT法的辐射场实时测量系统的研究

分析了已有的各种核辐射剂量场测量方法的基础上, 利用闪烁体吸收发光特点并结合计算机实时成像处理技术,提出了对剂量场分布进行实时成像测量的新方法——阵列式吸收发光ＣＴ 法。研制出闪烁光纤阵列构成的探测器及其伺服控制系统, 用高灵敏度的电荷耦合器件（ＣＣＤ）拾取探测器产生的微弱闪烁光信号,并采用定点采集的方法对视频信号进行数据的快速采集。在图像重建方法上, 提出了迭代滤波反投影重建方法和利用非完全投影进行数据修复,对获取的投影数据进行变换和处理,并通过选择滤波函数及其适当的参数, 可获得最佳滤波效果,以重建剂量场的二维场分布,从而建立了剂量场的实时、高精度的成像测量系统。     

最大熵法重建CT图像

针对现有CT设备上重建图像存在的“伪影”问题,提出了用最大墒法重建CT图像．鉴于现成的CT设备数据之间严格的关系难以找到,设计了模拟投影数据,用最大熵法重建图像的全软件,并针对二值图像进行了实验,得出了相应的结论．     

从丹麦皇家图书馆看旧建筑改造的新思路

人类文化需要载体，而建筑作为重要的载体之一，对文化的传承与创新发展起到了重要的作用。关于旧建筑改造，在目前经济快速增长的情况下，如果对昔日的城市文化遗产进行拆除或不负责任的改造，将使已有环境遭到极大的破坏，所以一方面要完成技术上的加固或新建，另一方面更要继续旧建筑的历史使命并完成深层次的精神追求。通过介绍丹麦皇家图书馆设计，试对欧洲古旧建筑改扩建的思想和方法进行具体的讨论和分析。     

图象重建的最小距离算法

本文提出了图象重建的一种凸集投影算法.它的重建图象是所有满足投影约束的图象中与先验图象的距离最小者.该算法是就连续分布的图象导出的,重建图象时也不需在空域与频域间进行变换,是一种较OSPR方法更直接、更简单的方法.还对最小距离算法重建结果的存在性、唯一性、幂等性等性质作了证明.