变长度柔性双足机器人行走控制及稳定性分析

针对传统双足机器人模型缺少脚质量和躯干的问题,提出考虑摆动腿动态及躯干影响的柔性双足机器人模型,并对其行走控制及稳定性进行研究。首先,建立系统的动力学模型并采用欧拉-拉格朗日法推导了系统的动力学方程;同时,在弹簧负载倒立摆（SLIP）模型的基础上添加刚性躯干、脚质量及采用变长度伸缩腿,充分考虑躯干及摆动腿动力学对机器人行走步态的影响;其次,设计基于变长度腿的反馈线性化控制器来跟踪目标轨迹,以及调节摆动腿和躯干的姿态;最后,利用Newton-Raphson迭代法和庞加莱映射分析机器人的不动点及轨道稳定性条件,并在理论分析的基础上进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所提控制器可以实现机器人的周期行走,对外界干扰具有良好的鲁棒性,且雅可比矩阵所有特征值的模均小于1,能形成稳定的极限环,证明系统是轨道稳定的。     

Fully distributed optimization of second-order systems with disturbances based on event-triggered control

This paper studies the distributed optimization problem of second-order multiagent systems containing external disturbances. To reject the external disturbances and lead agents' states to converge to the optimal consensus point, an adaptive event-triggered controller is proposed based on the internal model principle. With the adaptive mechanism, both the controller and the event-triggering condition do not contain the parameters related to global information, such as the maximum Lipschitz constant and the minimum strongly convex constant of local cost functions, and hence the event-triggered controller is fully distributed. By utilizing the event-triggered scheme, the consumption of communication among neighbors and the computing resources are saved. Furthermore, with the Lyapunov analysis framework, the optimal consensus can be proved to achieve and Zeno behavior is excluded from the event-triggering condition. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed protocol is verified by numerical simulations.     

Nonlinear cascade control of an electro-hydraulic actuator with large payload variation

Electro-hydraulic actuators have been widely used in industrial production, but the unknown variable payload seriously affects its position control accuracy. Therefore, a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance force through strong online learning ability in the absence of force sensor. Besides, a nonlinear cascade controller with double loop structure is proposed in this paper. A global fast terminal sliding mode control method is firstly applied in the outer loop position system, which can eliminate chattering and improve convergence speed comparing to traditional sliding mode control. The inner loop force system adopts a backstepping control method to calculate the actual input of the whole system. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed controller is stable even if existing time-variant disturbance. Moreover, three comparative controllers are designed and tested in both simulations and experiments. Comparative results show that the developed method has absolute average errors of 1.14 and 0.49 mm in different position tracking, which means more satisfactory tracking performance compared to the contrast controllers.     

Inverse-compensation-based DETC for nonlinear hysteresis system with disturbance

To control a nonlinear system with both hysteresis and disturbance, it is necessary to establish a hysteresis model and improve the disturbance rejection ability. However, the input signal implicitly involved in the classical hysteresis model can lead to difficulty in constructing a compensator. In this study, a hysteresis model in explicit form is proposed with a bounded auxiliary variable. Then, a model-based inverse is constructed for approximate compensation for the hysteresis. Moreover, the compensation error, which is considered a part of the disturbance, is proved to be bounded. Disturbance estimation triggered control (DETC) is utilized to address the compensation error coupled with the external disturbance. According to the disturbance effect indicator (DEI), DETC can improve the system control performance by considering the disturbance effect judgment. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed technique.     

Disturbance observer-based tracking control with prescribed performance specifications for a class of nonlinear systems subject to mismatched disturbances

This work investigates simultaneous prescribed performance tracking control and mismatched disturbance rejection problems for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems. A novel control scheme combining prescribed performance control, disturbance observer technique, and backstepping method is proposed. The disturbance estimations are introduced into the design of virtual control law design in each step to compensate the mismatched disturbances. To further improve the control performance, a prescribed performance function characterizing the error convergence rate, maximum overshoot, and steady-state error is used to construct the composite controller. The proposed controller guarantees transient and steady-state performance specifications of tracking error and provides much better disturbance attenuation ability simultaneously. Rigorous stability analysis for the closed-loop system is established by direct Lyapunov function method. It is shown that all the states in the resulting closed-loop system are stable, and the tracking error evolves within the prescribed performance boundaries and asymptotically converges to zero even in the presence of mismatched external disturbances. Finally, theoretical results are illustrated and demonstrated by two simulation examples.     

Implicit discrete-time fast terminal sliding mode control with disturbance compensation

In this paper, an implicit discrete-time fast terminal sliding mode (DFTSM) control with disturbance compensation is designed and analyzed for uncertain high-order systems. First, a recursive discrete sliding surface is constructed based on implicit Euler technique, which can completely eliminate discretization chattering so as to significantly reduce the boundary layer of sliding mode motion. With the help of a high-order disturbance compensator, the accuracy limitation of implicit DFTSM control systems is overcome by increasing the order of sliding mode. Then the finite-time convergence of implicit DFTSM is proved for the first time, and the influence relationship of control parameters on the convergence speed and control accuracy of the algorithm is established. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed design approach.     

具有非匹配扰动的非线性变参数系统模型参考跟踪控制

本文研究了一类含有非匹配扰动的非线性变参数系统的跟踪控制问题.首先,设计非线性扰动观测器用于估计系统所受到的未知扰动.其次,在前馈–反馈跟踪控制器中引入扰动补偿控制项,提出一种基于扰动观测器的跟踪控制策略.利用依赖于状态和时变参数的线性矩阵不等式,导出保证闭环系统输入–状态稳定的充分条件,进而运用平方和凸优化技术解析地构造出扰动观测器和跟踪控制器.通过理论证明,所设计的控制策略能够实现非线性变参数系统输出对参考模型输出的跟踪,消除输出通道中非匹配扰动的影响.最后,由数值仿真例子验证了所提方法的有效性.     

有色量测噪声下带广义未知扰动的递推上限滤波

针对博弈对抗环境下利用快速采样雷达进行非合作目标跟踪带来的有色噪声和未知干扰共存问题, 本文提出有色量测噪声下带广义未知扰动的随机动态系统递推上限滤波. 这里, 有色量测噪声用于描述由于快速采样或持续干扰带来的噪声相关性, 广义未知扰动用于建模博弈对抗对雷达观测带来的异常影响(先验信息缺失). 针对所考虑系统, 通过参数优化实现状态估计误差协方差上限(而不是理论值)的在线递推, 提出有色噪声下上限滤波(CU-BF), 给出状态估计误差协方差最小上限的近似实现, 讨论了所提CUBF的存在性条件. 在具有时变未知扰动和有色量测噪声的目标跟踪仿真中验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于神经网络的双闭环伺服系统自适应控制

针对双闭环伺服系统中传统自抗扰控制（ADRC）控制器待整定的参数较多且整定过程较复杂的问题,设计了一种基于径向基函数神经网络的ADRC控制器。考虑到组合控制律的独立性,设计线性状态误差反馈进一步降低参数整定复杂性。径向基函数神经网络将扩张状态观测器中的非线性误差增益作为其权值系数,在线辨识出被控对象的Jacobian信息,利用神经网络的自学习功能实现了ADRC的参数在线自整定。以永磁同步电机(PMSM)作为被控对象,通过MATLAB进行仿真。仿真结果证明,此控制策略有效地优化了伺服系统的静态性能和动态品质,实现了控制系统的高动态和高精度。     

计及虚拟惯量与下垂控制的风火耦合系统小扰动稳定分析

风火耦合系统在我国北方电网中普遍存在。为了构建电网友好型风电场,主动频率支撑控制被引入风电功率外环,然而该控制可能会影响耦合系统的稳定特性。已有研究主要关注主动频率支撑控制对火电机组主导的机电振荡特性的影响,对风电机组主导的次同步振荡特性影响的研究不多。基于此,建立考虑主动频率支撑控制的风火耦合系统模型,分析在不同风电渗透率和不同锁相环阻尼系数下主动频率支撑控制对耦合系统中火电机组主导的机电振荡模态以及风电机组中锁相环主导的次同步振荡模态的影响,确定耦合系统中锁相环主导的次同步振荡模态的主要影响因素。为了探究主动频率支撑控制影响锁相环主导的次同步振荡的失稳机理,推导了耦合系统计及主动频率支撑控制时锁相环小扰动等效模型,通过复转矩法分析了主动频率支撑控制对锁相环主导的次同步振荡模态的影响。通过时域仿真验证了主动频率支撑控制参数对耦合系统稳定性的影响。